CCRN: Pulmonary Flashcards
most common EKG changes from pulmonary embolism…
tachycardia and afib
how does D-Dimer lab help to diagnose a PE?
it will be negative to rule out PE… d-dimer increases when there is a clot
t-PA indicated for PE when…
pt. is hemodynamically UNstable
the major symptoms of Fat Embolisms Syndrome (FES) is…
hypoxia, pulmonary edema, petechiae aka they show signs like ARDS
Heliox is a combo of helium and oxygen that is used in asthmatics to…
reduce CO2
most common etiology of ARDS is…
sepsis
magnesium sulfate may be given to the asthmatic who…
is unresponsive to trad. therapy
COPD is characterized by..
bronchoconstriction of terminal bronchioles
heliox is used for…
asthmatics to reduce carbon dioxide - its a helium and oxygen combination therapy
the most common etiology of ARDS is…
sepsis
pt. recovering from an asthma attack, suddently starts having substernal chest pain, worse with inspiration, radiates to neck and dyspnea… whats causing this?
pneumomediastinum…
most appropriate intervention for someone hypoxic and hypercapnic
mechanical ventilation……… initially it would be BiPap
warning signs of severe asthma attack include…
nocturnal bronchodilator use
pulmonary sarcoidosis is charactertized by
granulomas seen by CXR and dry cough
most common cause of hemothorax is…
rib fx
Virchows triad (related to PE)
- venous stasis 2. endothelial injury (alteration in the blood vessel lining) 3. coagulopathy
diagnostic tests for PE
VQ scan (ventilation/perfusion scan), MRA, pulmonary angiography “gold standard” - not readily available, Spiral CT (fast than VQ scan), doppler US, EKG changes (only happens in 20% of patients - afib/sinus tachy/ t-wave inversion
hemodynamics in a PE
increased Pre-Load, decreased CO, increased After-Load
what can cause FES?
fracture of long bone… non-operative treatment… closed pelvic fractures…. fat deposits from bone marrow enter blood stream…. fat can be found in urine….. fat deposits can cause ARDS
