Ccp Flashcards
study and management of environmental conditions that affect our health and well-being. It is a branch of public health that focuses on the relationships between people and their environment, and promotes human health and well-being.
Environmental Health
identify and evaluate environmental hazards and their sources.
Environmental health specialists
potential threat to humans and welfare. It is best viewed as a naturally-
occuring or human-induced process or event with the potential to create loss.
Hazard
likelihood or probability of a hazard occurring or creating loss
Risk
social phenomena that occur when a community suffers exceptional levels of disruption and loss due to natural processes or technological accidents.
Disasters
potential threats facing human society by events that originate in, and are transmitted through, the environment.
Environmental hazards
meant that these risks can be altered or mitigated
Preventable
Three major categories of environmental hazards
Natural hazards, Technological hazards, context hazards
naturally occurring phenomena or events that produce/release energy in amounts that exceed human endurance, causing injury, disease, or death.
Natural hazards
earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, landslides, and avalanches
Geologic
Tropical cyclones, tornadoes, hail, ice and snow
Atmosphere
River floods, coastal floods
Hydrologic
Epidemic diseases, wildfires
Biologic
may be defined as that part of the environment made or modified by humans and used for their activities.
Anthrosphere
housing, commerce, education, manufacturing and other activities
Dwellings
roads, railroads, airports and waterways
Transportation
Water, fuel, and electricity distribution systems
Utilities
telephone lines or radio transmitters
Communication
Automobiles, airplanes, farm machinery
Machinery
Mines and oil wells
Industry
major accidents that involve the anthrosphere
Technological hazards
Car crashes, plane crashes, ship wrecks
Transport accidents
Structural collapse, fires, failure in utility systems
Infrastructure failure
Hazardous material accidents, chemical spills, factory explosions
Industrial hazards
environmental hazards that bring about global environmental change.
Context hazards
introduction of contaminants into the natural environment that cause adverse change.
Pollution
contaminants are referred to as
Pollutants
garbage, refuse, sludge, and other discarded solid materials.
Solid waste
Percent of solid waste that can be traced in agriculture, mining and gas oil production and industry
95-98%
Percent of municipal solid waste (MSW), comprises the waste generated by households, businesses, and institutions (e.g., schools) located within municipalities
2-5%
solid waste with properties that make it dangerous or potentially harm-
ful to human health or the environment and, therefore, requires special management and disposal.
Hazardous waste
certain wastes, including batteries, mercury- containing instruments, and fluorescent light bulbs, fall into the category of
Universal (hazardous) wastes
hazardous components, such as polyvinylchloride, brominated flame retardants, lead, and mercury.
Electronic waste (e-waste)
the contamination of the air by substances—gases, liquids, or solids—in amounts great enough to harm humans, the environment, or that alter climate.
Air pollution
single most dangerous air pollutant.
Ozone
When nitrogen is released during fuel combustion it combines with oxygen atoms
Nitrogen oxide
found in fumes produced in burning fuel in cars or trucks, small engines, stoves, lanterns, grills, fireplaces, gas ranges, or furnaces.
Carbon monoxide
mixture of solids or liquid droplets in the air that are categorized by coarse fraction and fine fraction
Particulate matter (PM10 and PM2.5)
contains the larger particles with a size ranging from 2.5 to 10 μm
Coarse fraction
contains the smaller ones with a size up to 2.5 μm
Fine fraction
naturally occurring mineral fiber that was previously used for insulation and fireproofing material
Asbestos
another indoor air pollutant, which can be associated with allergic reactions and respiratory difficulties, such as asthma.
Mold
secondhand smoke, includes both main- stream smoke (the smoke inhaled and exhaled by the smoker) and sidestream tobacco smoke (the smoke that comes off the end of a burning tobacco product).
Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS),
dense, colorless, odorless noble gas that occurs naturally in the soil as the product
of the radioactive decay of radium; it is a decay product of uranium and thorium, which occur
naturally in the Earth’s crust.
Radon
physical or chemical change in water that can harm living organisms or make it unfit for other uses, such as drinking, domestic use, recreation, fishing, industry, agriculture, or transportation.
Water pollution
refers to a single identifiable source that discharges pollutants into the water, such as a pipe, ditch, or culvert.
Point source pollution
occurs through the runoff, seepage, or falling of pollutants into the water
Nonpoint source pollution
Viruses, bacteria, parasites
Biological pollutants
Inorganic chemicals, industrial solvents, pesticides, herbicides
Non-biological Pollutants
process in which energy is emitted as particles or waves.
Radiation
