CCP 105

Question 1

What are the components of the atmosphere and the % they make up?

Answer 1

Nitrogen - 78%
Oxygen - 21%
Argon - 0.9%
Trace elements - 0.1% (hydrogen, carbon dioxide, etc)

Question 2

Definition of barometric pressure

Answer 2

the weight per unit area of all the molecules of the gas above the point at which the measurement was taken
769 mmHg at sea level

Question 3

What is Avogadro’s Law?

Answer 3

The volume of a gas is directly proportional to the amount of gas

Question 4

What is the effect of humidity on the density of air?

Answer 4

Humid air is less dense than dry air

Question 5

What is the effect of cloud on temperature?

Answer 5

Cloud holds more heat than clear air

Question 6

What is the Alveolar Gas Equation?

Answer 6

PAO2=(P(ATM)−PH2O)FiO2−(PaCO2÷R)

Question 7

What is the useful function of the alveolar gas equation?

Answer 7

allows you to calculate the partial pressure of O2 at the altitude that you are flying at

Question 8

What does PAO2 stand for

Answer 8

Partial pressure of alveolar oxygen

Question 9

What does FiO2 stand for?

Answer 9

Fraction of inspired oxygen

Question 10

what does P(ATM) stand for?

Answer 10

Pressure of atmosphere (barometric pressure)

Question 11

what does P(H20) stand for?

Answer 11

The pressure that water vapour exerts. Always 47 mmHg

Question 12

What does PaCO2 stand for?

Answer 12

Partial pressure of arterial CO2

Question 13

What does RQ stand for and what is it?

Answer 13

Respiratory quotient.
Based on metabolic activity of organism.
In humans, generally 0.8)

Question 14

What is the oxygen binding capacity of hemoglobin?

Answer 14

the amount of oxygen in millilitres carried by each gram of hemoglobin

Question 15

What 2 factors most influence the oxygen carrying capacity of blood?

Answer 15

Amount of hemoglobin and saturation of that hemoglobin

Question 16

How do we mitigate the changes in physiology that are due to flight?

Answer 16

Supplemental O2, Pressurized cabins, protective equipment.

Question 17

What are the factors of flight that affect physiology?

Answer 17

Partial pressure of O2, barometric pressure, gravity, G forces, linear acceleration, buffeting, clear air turbulence, light intensity, temperature.

Question 18

What is the blood oxygen content equation?

Answer 18

CaO2 = (SaO2xHbx1.34) + 0.003(PaO2)

Question 19

What is the definition of hypoxia?

Answer 19

A condition where the oxygen supply is inadequate to either the body as a whole (general hypoxia) or to a specific region (tissue hypoxia)

Question 20

What are the 4 types of hypoxia?

Answer 20

Hypoxic hypoxia
Hypemic hypoxia
Stagnant hypoxia
Histotoxic hypoxia

Question 21

Define hypoxic hypoxia

Answer 21

Low PaO2. Insufficient oxygen supply.

Question 22

Define hypemic hypoxia

Answer 22

Inability of the blood to carry oxygen to the tissues.

Question 23

Define stagnant hypoxia

Answer 23

Inability of blood volume to get to the tissues.

Question 24

Define histotoxic hypoxia

Answer 24

inability of the cells to take up oxygen. Related to oxygen extraction

Question 25

What are the 4 stages of hypoxia?

Answer 25

1. Indifferent Stage
2. Compensatory stage
3. Disturbance stage
4. Critical stage

Question 26

Define and characterize the Indifferent stage of hypoxia

Answer 26

Up to 10,000 ft
SPO2 90-98%
MInor physiological effects
Loss of night vision above 5000 ft

Question 27

Define and characterize the Compensatory stage of hypoxia

Answer 27

10,000-15,000ft
Minute ventilation and cardiac output increase
Nausea, dizziness, fatigue, lethargy, poor judgement, impaired coordination and increased irritability
SPO2 80-90%

Question 28

Define and characterize the Disturbance stage of hypoxia

Answer 28

SPO2 70-80%
Impairment of senses, mental processes, personality, psychomotor function

Question 29

Define and characterize the Critical stage of hypoxia

Answer 29

SPO2 60-70%
Incapacitation, unconsciousness and death

Question 30

What does SMEAC stand for?

Answer 30

Situation
Mission
Equipment
Additional Personnel
Communication