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CCNP Switch > CCNP switch slides 3 > Flashcards

CCNP switch slides 3 Flashcards

1
Q

source

A

http://quizlet.com/3373148/ccnp-switch-deck-3-flash-cards/

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2
Q

what are the 5 STP port roles?

A

root, designated, blocking, alternate, forwarding (host)

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3
Q

what does Root Guard do?

A

controls where candidate root bridges can be connected and found on a network

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4
Q

How does Root Guard work?

A

a port can only forward or relay BPDUs, but can’t receive them, disabled by default, enabled per-port, blocks port when superior BPDUs are received

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5
Q

How is Root Guard used?

A

on ports where you never expect to find a root bridge for a VLAN

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6
Q

What is BPDU Guard?

A

if any BPDU is received on a port, it puts the port into the errdisable state

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7
Q

How can BPDU Guard be configured?

A

globally or per-port

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8
Q

What does Loop Guard do?

A

tracks BPDUs on nondesignated ports. When those BPDUs stop coming, the port is put into loop-inconsistent state and blocks

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9
Q

How does loop guard block ports?

A

only for the offending VLAN on the port

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10
Q

What does UDLD do?

A

protects STP when a physical malfunction only allows traffic in 1 direction, even though the link shows as up (cisco proprietary)

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11
Q

How does UDLD work?

A

sends special layer 2 UDLD frames and expects an echo. Both ends must be configured for UDLD

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12
Q

How should UDLD be configured?

A

the configureable UDLD interval must be less than max age plus two intervals of forward delay

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13
Q

What are the 2 UDLD modes?

A

normal and aggressive

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14
Q

What is UDLD normal mode?

A

if a unidirectional link is detected, the port continues normally, but the port is marked as undetermined and a syslog is generated

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15
Q

What is UDLD aggressive mode?

A

If a unidirectional link is detected, the switch doesn’t try to reestablish the link. ULD msgs are sent once/sec for 8 seconds, then the port is err-disabled

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16
Q

How is UDLD configured?

A

per-port or globally for all fiber-optic ports. Can be enabled globally, but will only affect fiber ports

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17
Q

What does BPDU filtering do?

A

effectively stops STP on filtered ports

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18
Q

Where is root guard enabled?

A

all ports where root isn’t expected

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19
Q

where is BPDU guard enabled?

A

all user ports that have portfast enabled

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20
Q

where is loop guard enabled?

A

all nondesignated ports, but ok for all ports

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21
Q

where is UDLD enabled?

A

all fiber-optic links between switches (must be enabled on both ends)

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22
Q

Can loop guard and udld be used together?

A

yes

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23
Q

can root guard and udld be used together?

A

yes

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24
Q

can root guard and loop guard be used together

A

no

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25
Q

can root guard and BPDU guard be used together?

A

no

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26
Q

should BPDU guard and BPDU filter be used together?

A

no

27
Q

RSTP uses which standard?

A

802.1w

28
Q

What are the RSTP port roles?

A

root, designated, alternate, and backup

29
Q

RSTP root port

A

port with best root path cost

30
Q

RSTP designated port

A

Port with best root path cost on segment

31
Q

RSTP alternate port

A

port with alternative path to root less desirable than root

32
Q

RSTP backup port

A

port with redundant, but less deisrable connection to a segment. Possibly root candidate

33
Q

What are the RSTP port states?

A

discarding, learning, forwarding

34
Q

RSTP discarding state

A

incoming frames are dropped (combination of disabled, blocking, and listening)

35
Q

RSTP learning state

A

incoming frames dropped, but MACs learned

36
Q

RSTP forwarding state

A

frames are forwarded

37
Q

RSTP BPDU structure

A

some unused bits are used to allow a port to identify its role and state. Also the BPDUs state that they are V2 BPDUs

38
Q

When are RSTP BPDUs sent?

A

every hello interval regardless of whether BPDUs are received from root, allowing any switch to take an active role maintaining the topology

39
Q

What if RSTP BPDUs aren’t received?

A

If three are missed in a row, the neighbor is considered down and the data for that neighbor is aged

40
Q

What is the RSTP default hello interval?

A

2 seconds

41
Q

What happens if both 802.1D and RSTP BPDUs are received?

A

the port will operate under 802.1D rules. If they are received on the same port, it will run 802.1D until the migration delay expires

42
Q

What are the steps of RSTP convergence?

A

1- root bridge is elected, 2-the state of every switch port in the STP domain must be brought from blocking state to the appropriate state

43
Q

What are the 3 RSTP port types?

A

edge, root, and point to point

44
Q

RSTP edge port

A

only a single host connects . If one BPDU is received, it is no longer an edge port

45
Q

RSTP point to point port

A

port that connects to another switch and becomes a designated port

46
Q

How are RSTP point to point ports determined?

A

automatically by duplex mode in use. Full duplex are point ot point. Half duplex ports use traditional 802.1D convergence is used.

47
Q

How is RSTP synchronization accomplished?

A

all non-edge ports are discarding. After the root bridge is identified, the port with superior BPDU becomes root

48
Q

How does RSTP converge?

A

if a proposal is received, the recipient isolates, all nonedge ports blocked until proposal sent causing neighbors to synch, which propagates out in waves

49
Q

How does RSTP identify a topology change?

A

only when a nonedge port transitions to forwarding

50
Q

How is an RSTP edge port configured

A

with portfast

51
Q

What is RPVST+?

A

an instance of RSTP running for each VLAN on the switch. Changing from PVST to RPVST+ is disruptive

52
Q

When looking at the sh spanning tree output, what does P2P denote?

A

a point to point port type

53
Q

When looking at the sh spanning tree output, what does P2P peer(STP) denote?

A

a point to point port type but the neighboring device runs traditional 802.1D STP

54
Q

What does MSTP do?

A

Used when there are 1 or more VLANs mapped to a single STP instance

55
Q

What do you need to determine to use MSTP?

A

the number of STP instances needed to support the desired topologies and whether to map a set of VLANs to each instance

56
Q

Can MSTP interoperate with 802.1q and/or PVST+?

A

yes to both

57
Q

What does MSTP consist of?

A

regions and instances

58
Q

How is an instance defined?

A

by name, config revision, and instance to vlan mapping table

59
Q

What is an IST instance?

A

within a single MST region, an IST instances runs to work out a loop free topology between links where CST meets the region boundary and all switches in the region. It runs at the boundary.

60
Q

What is an MST instance?

A

The MST instance (MSTI) runs alongside the IST and represents an STP instance

61
Q

How many MST instances can be in a region?

A

16 - IST gets MSTI 0, 1-15 are available for use. MSTIs are locally significant to the MST region

62
Q

How do you implement MST?

A

MST attributes must be manually entereed on each switch in the region. They don’ t propagate like VTP.

63
Q

What are the steps to configure MST?

A

1- enable MST, 2-enter MST config mode, 3-assign region name and region configuration rev, 4-map vlans to an MSTI, 5-show pending changes, 6- commit by exiting

CCNP Switch (16 decks)

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