CCNA

Question 1

Firewall

Answer 1

device that protects networks by montioring traffic and prevents unwanted traffic from accessing network.

Question 2

ARP (Address Resolution Protocol)

Answer 2

Translates the IP address of a device to a MAC address

Question 3

Can a device act as a client and server?

Answer 3

Yes and example

Question 4

client

Answer 4

requests a service from a server. Example

Question 5

DNS (Domain name system)

Answer 5

A protocol that translates web addresses like www.google.com to IP addresses such as 192.65.52.21. Like a phonebook for computers.

Question 6

Home IP address

Answer 6

192.168.0.1 or 192.168.1.1

Used to connect to home network(router). This IP address is like a secret code that helps the devices in your house talk to each other and send and receive data.

Question 7

IP address (Internet Protocol address)

Answer 7

Unique address that identifies a device in a network

Question 8

Local host

Answer 8

127.0.0.1, this is your computer itself and used for testing programs or trying out new things without anyone else seeing.

Question 9

Mac Address (Media Access Control address)

Answer 9

AKA physical address, unique address assigned to NIC in a device

Question 10

Network

Answer 10

A group of connected devices that share resources such as files, pictures, etc.

Question 11

Network Topology

Answer 11

Diagram of the arrangement of devices in a network

Question 12

Open Systems Interconnection Model

Answer 12

7 layer model that describes how computer systems communicate over a network. (Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application)

Question 13

Phishing

Answer 13

A fraudulent email that contains malware or to get sensitive data. It may seem legit.

Question 14

Ransomware

Answer 14

deny a user or organization access to file unless a payment to made to hacker

Question 15

Router

Answer 15

Router is used to send data over internet and between LANS

Question 16

Server

Answer 16

provides a client with a service, Example:

Question 17

Social Engineering

Answer 17

manipulating someone to perform actions or get confidential information

Question 18

Spoofing attack

Answer 18

attacker pretends to be a person, organization, etc to get confidential information. Example:

Question 19

Techniques to perform Reconnaissance Atttack

Answer 19

1. Gather info about target and find target’s network address(whois, google, organization website, etc)
2. Ping sweep-to find active IP addresses
   3.Port scan(Nmap, Superscan, etc)
   4.Run vulnerability scanner- with identified ports, determine the type and version of OS running on the host(Nipper, SAINT, etc)
   5.Run exploitation-discover vulnerable services that can be exploited.

Question 20

Trojan Horse

Answer 20

is a type of malware that appears legitimate and safe, but is actually malware

Question 21

Virus

Answer 21

A malicious piece of computer code designed to spread from device to device.

Question 22

What is Ethernet

Answer 22

Networking technology that is used in a wired LAN or WAN to create connections between devices using protocols.

Question 23

Static Route

Answer 23

A route that you manually configure in a routing table

Question 24

Next Hop

Answer 24

The hop data has to go through to make it to the destination

Question 25

Routing table

Answer 25

shows a list of known destinations and how to get there (show IP route command)

Question 26

Default gateway

Answer 26

a router that directs traffic where it needs to go

Question 27

Physical layer

Answer 27

Layer responsible for how data is transmitted and what medium is used to transmit it

Question 28

TCP/IP

Answer 28

TCP is used with IP to ensure reliable transmission of packets, when computers want to send data to each other via TCP/IP, a connection must be made over the internet

Question 29

UDP

Answer 29

UDP doesn’t use error checking or 3-way handshake. The packets are just sent to the recipient. This protocol is faster than TCP/IP

Question 30

What are the two routing methods?(methods routers use to learn routes)

Answer 30

Static Routing - Network Engineer manually configures routes on the router
Dynamic Routing - Routers use dynamic routing protocols such as OSPF to share info with each other automatically and build a routing table.

Question 31

OSPF (Open shortest path first)

Answer 31

Router protocol used to find the best path for packets as they pass through a set of connected networks

Question 32

Ping Sweep

Answer 32

is a technique used in computer networking to discover and identify active hosts (computers or devices) on a network. It involves sending a series of network ping requests to a range of IP addresses within a specific network or subnet

Question 33

Port Scan

Answer 33

scanning tool or software that checks different ports on a computer or device to see if they are open or closed. It sends messages, called network packets, to each port and waits for a response. Based on the response or lack thereof, it determines whether the port is open, closed, or filtered.

Question 34

vulnerability scanner

Answer 34

software tool used to check if computer systems, networks, or applications have any hidden problems or weaknesses that could make them not work properly.

Question 35

Broadcast domain

Answer 35

group of devices that will receive broadcast frame by a member in the group

Question 36

VLAN

Answer 36

A way to logically split up a broadcast domain