CCFD Fire Knowledge Flashcards
What are the low and high alarms for hydrogen sulfide? (H2S)
Low: 10ppm
High: 20ppm
NFPA stands for…
National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
What are the 3 most important priorities of the fire service overall?
Or what are the 3 main priorities for the fire service?
- Life Safety
- Incident Stabilazation
- Property Conservation
IDLH means…
Immediate Danger to Life & Health
What does it mean for electrical equipment to be “intrinsically safe?”
The equipment is designed in a way that reduces the available energy to a level where it is too low to cause ignition
Our masks are CBRN rated. What does CBRN mean?
Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear
PASS device stands for…
Personal Alert Safety System
The buddy breather’s on our SCBAs say “EEBSS” on them. What does this mean?
Emergency Escape Breathing Support System
How many FFs died on 9/11?
343, 344 if we include Keith Roma
A first-degree burn is caused by our skin raising to what temperature?
118 F
A second-degree burn is caused by our skin raising to what temperature?
131 F
A third-degree burn is caused by our skin raising to what temperature? Skin becomes numb at this point.
140 F
What is Type 1 construction?
Fire Resistive
What is Type 2 construction?
Non-combustible - steel framing but doesn’t have the fire resistive coating.
What is Type 3 construction?
Ordinary - a building featuring exterior masonry walls and combustible interior beams or truss
What is Type 4 construction?
Heavy Timber
What is Type 5 construction?
Wood Frame/Lightweight
What color signifies a firewall in building construction?
Red
Studs in a wood frame wall are spaced how far apart?
16 or 24 inches - enough to get through a wall in a dire situation.
What is the history and meaning of the shield emblem firefighters wear on their shirts?
It’s a Maltese Cross, the legend goes that it’s a symbol of bravery based on the 11th-century Knights of Malta.
Why is a fire hydrant often called a plug?
Early American firefighters would have to access the water mains by cutting into them and closing them off with a “fire plug.”
What does egress mean?
Exit
How do pressurized stairway systems work in high rise structures?
There is usually a fan at the top that blows air down and away from the stairway. This keeps lethal smoke away from the only means of egress for people inside.
Skylights are commonly placed over what types of rooms?
Bathrooms, kitchens, and laundry rooms.
What are eaves on a home?
Eaves refer to the part of the roof that overhangs the side of your home.
Oxygen deficient percentage is…
<19.5%
Oxygen rich percentage is…
> 23.5% (fire and explosion hazards go up)
Carbon monoxide (CO) safe to return to the homeowner at…
<9ppm
Action need to be taken with carbon monoxide at what PPM?
Anything above 9ppm.
At what ppm is carbon monoxide IDLH?
1500 ppm
https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/idlh/630080.html
What is IDLH for H2S?
Hydrogen sulfide IDLH is >100ppm
What H2S level is generally when people can smell a rotten egg smell?
0.01-1.5
What are the 4 things you are looking at on a 4 Gas Meter?
Oxygen (O2), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Hydrogen Sulfide (H2S), and LEL (the lower explosive limit)
What is LEL on a 4 Gas Meter? Explain how we use it.
It’s the lower limit percentage of a gas in an atmosphere. When an LEL of a gas reaches 100% it is rich enough to ignite. Our 4 Gas Meters are calibrated with Pentane.
What’s the low and high alarm for carbon monoxide? (CO)
35ppm and 70ppm
What’s the low and high alarm for oxygen? (O2)
19.5% and 23.5%. Below 19.5 is O2 deficient and above 23.5 is oxygen rich.
What is the LEL reading calibrated with on our 4 Gas Meters?
Pentane
What’s the IDLH ppm for Hydrogen Sulfide? (H2S)
100ppm
What’s the high and low alarm for the LEL?
10% and 20%
What is OPQRST?
An EMS assessment protocol.
O - Onset, what were you doing when your pain started?
P - Provokes, what makes your pain better or worse?
Q - Quality, what does your pain feel like?
R - Radiates, does your pain move to other places?
S - Severity, how bad does your pain feel on a scale of 1-10?
T - Time, how long have you been in pain?
What is SAMPLE?
An EMS assessment protocol.
S - Symptoms
A - Allergies
M - Medications
P - Past Medical History
L - Last Oral Intake
E - Events Leading Up to Illness/Injury
What is DCAP-BTLS?
It’s an EMS protocol for assessing trauma patients.
D - Deformities
C - Contusions
A - Abrasions
P - Penetrations
B - Burns
T - Tenderness
L - Lacerations
S - Swelling
What are the 9 United Nations Hazardous Material classes including 9A?
Every - Explosives (Class 1)
Good - Gases (Class 2)
Fire - Flammable Liquids (Class 3)
Fighter - Flammable Solids (Class 4)
Obeys - Oxidizers (Class 5)
The - Toxins or Poisons (Class 6)
Rules - Radioactive Material (Class 7)
Cautiously - Corrosives (Class 8)
Most of the Time - Miscellaneous (C9)
9A - Lithium Batteries
What’s RECEOVS?
It’s the general order of operations on the fire ground.
R - Rescue
E - Exposures (protect exposures first)
C - Contain
E - Extinguish
O - Overhaul
V - Ventilate (can be anywhere)
S - Salvage (can be anywhere)
What are the O2 flow rates for a nasal cannula, non rebreather, and a BVM.
Nasal Cannula: 1-6 liters per minute
Non Rebreather: 10-15 lpm
BVM: 15 or greater
https://www.lummi-nsn.gov/userfiles/332_m3240082_AdministeringEmergencyOxygenFactandSkill.pdf
For proper CPR:
Give the compression to ventilation ratio and required compression depth for an adult or child.
Give the compression to ventilation ratio and required compression depth for an infant.
What’s the ratio for an infant if two rescuers are available?
Adult/Child - 30:2, 2 inches of depth.
Infant - 30:2, 1.5 inches of depth. 15:2 with two rescuers.
https://www.redcrosslearning.com/course-bin/bls-healthcare-resuscitation/app/content/a/en-US/resources/SS-CPR-for-Adults.pdf
https://www.redcross.org/take-a-class/cpr/performing-cpr/child-baby-cpr
Explain the most common vital signs and symptoms associated with shock.
As an EMT how can you intervene?
Vital Signs: Delayed capillary refill. Decreasing blood pressure while pt is in tachycardia. (>120 beats per minute) Also while blood pressure is decreasing patient is in tachypnea. (>30-40 breaths per minute)
Symptoms: Cool, clammy, and pale skin. Absent or decreased peripheral pulses. In the case of neurogenic shock the skin can be flushed and warm before getting cold and pale.
Intervention: Blood is shunted from the body’s peripheral organs during shock and it takes lots of energy to keep the body warm so use a blanket to keep the patient warm. Also they aren’t perfusing so we can give oxygen therapy.
Source: https://www.naemt.org/docs/default-source/events/recognizing-and-treating-prehospital-shock—presentation-handout.pdf?sfvrsn=872ce493_0
What’s a LUNAR report?
It’s a report used in a mayday scenario.
L - Location
U - Unit
N - Name
A - Assignment & Air Supply
R - Resources Needed
What is the Rescue 42 TeleCrib Junior working load, length (collapsed and extended), and weight?
Working Load: 5000 lbs (2:1 Safety Factor)
Length: 3.4 ft (41”) collapsed / 5.75 ft (69”) extended
Weight: 30 lbs
For the Rescue 42 Composite TeleCrib Long Strut:
What is the length, width and height of the collapsed struts with the baseplate and combi-head? (deployment ready storage laying flat)
(Long Strut: CTC-501)
Length: 3.8ft (45.5”)
Width: 7.5 inches
Height: 5 inches
For the Rescue 42 Composite TeleCrib Long Strut:
What is the fully extended strut length with baseplate and combi-head?
(Long Strut: CTC-501)
101 inches or 8’ 5”
What are the weight ratings from 3’ - 8’ for the Rescue 42 Composite Strut with 1 pin?
3’ - 10,000 lbs
4’ - 10,000 lbs
5’ - 10,000 lbs
6’ - 8,000 lbs
7’ - 5,000 lbs
8’ - 4,000 lbs
What are the weight ratings from 3’ - 8’ for the Rescue 42 Composite Strut with 2 pins?
3’ - 18,000 lbs
4’ - 15,000 lbs
5’ - 11,000 lbs
6’ - 8,000 lbs
7’ - 5,000 lbs
8’ - 4,000 lbs
For aerial ops, what is the 75-80-80 rule?
For flowing through the waterway the general rule is to flow at an angle no higher than 75°, no greater than 80% extension, and at 80 psi nozzle pressure is best.
What are the weights of the DuoSafety 24’ and Alco-Lite 24’ extension ladders?
DuoSafety: 72 lbs
https://www.duosafety.com/products/aluminum-ladders/900A/
Alco-Lite: 75 lbs
https://www.fireladder.com/ladders/pumper-ladder/
How many feet is a bedded 24’ extension ladder?
14’
What is the rung rating on our 24’ extension ladders?
750 lbs, they have a 4:1 safety factor.
What are the nozzle sizes and GPM rates for our Stinger 2.0 deck guns at 80 psi?
1 3/8” - 500 (502 gpms)
1.5” - 600 (598 gpms)
1.75” - 800 (814 gpms)
2” - 1000 (1063 gpms)
A 10ft DuoSafety attic ladder is rated for how much weight?
300lbs
The hooks on a DuoSafety 14’ roof ladder are rated for how much weight?
1000 lbs per hook with no 4:1 safety ratio
Reference: DuoSafety ladder manual
What the normal glucose reading range for an adult?
80 - 120mmol/liter (millimoles per liter)
Also: It’s not a diabetic emergency for a known diabetic unless their BGL is over 300.
How much does a single section of 1” 3/4 hose weigh dry?
21 lbs
How much does a single section of 1” 3/4 hose weigh dry?
21 lbs
What’s the weight of a 3 section Alcolite 35’ ladder?
170 lbs
https://www.fireladder.com/ladders/pumper-ladder/
What are the high and low alarms for CO? (Carbon Monoxide)
Low: 35 ppm
High: 75 ppm
What’s the mechanical advantage of a standard halligan?
15:1
The adz width is 2 inches and the length of the halligan is 30 inches.
What is the max lift height of the Paratech KPI-22 air bags?
10.8 inches
