CCF-2 Flashcards
Inexpensive and effective, _______ is the most widely used mechanical jamming device.
Chaff
Most effective electronic protection against chaff?
True Doppler processing at Med or High pulse repetition frequency (PRF)
Dipole elements designed to match the half wavelength of the victim radar?
Chaff
___________represents the number of complete cycles of an electromagnetic wave in a specified amount of time.
Frequency
_________________________________ has proven to be the best electronic protection to combat barrage jamming.
Pulse compression and increased power
Electronic protection for spot jamming is _______________.
frequency agility
The best electronic protection for sweep jamming is ___________________________.
patience/persistence or operator
The first line, and most common form, of electronic protection against jamming is __________.
Brevity
Targets need to be separated in range laterally by ___ / ___ in both pulse and beam width to ensure detection of both targets.
half / half
The VHF AM band is mostly used by _________________.
Civil aviation
__________radios are used for amateur communications, public service, and maritime operations.
High Frequency (HF)
___________________ has an electric field that combines vertical and horizontal fields resulting in a twist like corkscrew; penetrates all but the heaviest precipitation.
Circular Polarity
___________________has an electric field perpendicular to the horizon. With clutter rejection it is the favorite of contemporary radar engineers. It is often used due to its inherent rejection of clutter.
Vertical Polarity
___________________has an electric field parallel to the horizon and is the most sensitive polarity for detect conventional aircraft.
Horizontal Polarity
_________ jamming exposes its jamming signal back and forth through a number of frequencies.
Sweep
_________ jamming broadcasts radio noise simultaneously on every frequency of interest.
Barrage
________ jamming concentrates all of its power on a single victim frequency
Spot
_______________ procedures are pre-briefed steps operators will take to overcome communication jamming.
Chettermark
T/F Repeater jammers are only deceptive in range
False
Radar reflected from an object receding from the Doppler radar will be at a slightly ______________.
lower frequency
First generation fighter aircraft
Airborne Intercept (AI)
Combined AI and EW radars
Ground Controlled Intercept (GCI)
Elevated surveillance position
Airborne Early Warning (AEW)
Ground Controlled Intercepts and Airborne Early Warning radars with fan-shaped beams have to estimate target height where errors of up to _______ feet are not uncommon.
5,000
Airborne Intercept (AI) radars sacrifice _____________________________ ?
Long range direction for light weight
The rate at which a radar transmits pulses is called the __________________.
Pulse Repetition Frequency (PRF)
This provides some protection from spoofing ______________.
Authenticators
As frequency increases, refraction ____________.
decreases
What does the Reader say about Doppler processing about an approaching / receding objects?
Radar reflected from an object approaching a transmitter will be at a slightly higher frequency than the source. From a receding object, the shift is to a lower frequency.
Lack precision needed to guide interceptors within firing range
Characteristics of Early Warning (EW)
Sacrifice long range detection for lightweight and close-in precision
Characteristics of Airborne Intercept (AI)
Combines long range of EW and precision of AI into single system
Characteristics of Ground Controlled Intercept (GCI)
Operating at 30k feet, above the terrestrial line-of-site, these platforms significantly increased LOS or radar
Characteristics of Airborne Early Warning (AEW)
Each AORs ID matrix may comply with JFACC’s rules of engagement? T/F
True
The phenomenon where waves DECREASE the amplitude of the resulting wave.
Destructive Interference
The phenomenon waves INCREASE the amplitude, or strength, of the resulting wave.
Constructive Interference
In-Phase
Constructive Interference
Out-of-phase
Destructive Interference
Electromagnetic energy is comprised of electrostatic and magnetic fields that are oriented ___________ to each other.
Perpendicular
Cosmic noise _________ as frequency increases.
Decreases
The measurement of one wave crest to the next is called the______________.
Distance : Wavelength
Time: Period
VHF (FM) jam-resistant frequency-hopping radios commonly used by the Army are called ___________.
SINGGARS
UHF jam-resistant frequency-hopping radios are called ___________.
HAVEQUICK
HAVEQUICK requires which elements (3) to work?
Word-of-day (WOD)
Time-of-day (TOD)
Net
A staggered pulse repetition frequency (PRF) is the best electronic protection (EP) to counter ______________.
Range deception
Wavelength and frequency are __________ proportional?
Inversely
Refers to the effect on an EM wave as it travels through atmospheric zones. Deviated standard or expectation.
Anomalous propagation
Low pulse repetitionis frequencies (PRFs) avoid the ambiguity of ___________________ ?
second-time around targets
Unit of measure for wavelength is the _________.
meter
Air Intercept radars are round and produce ___________ main beams to provide highly accurate target data.
Pencil-beam
Azimuth deception jamming may be defeated by __________________________.
Side-lobe reduction or blanking
HAVE QUICK II can receive what from GPS?
A more precise Time of Day (TOD)
Radio Usage:
Tactical military and satellite communication
Ultra High Frequency (UHF)
Radio Usage:
Ideal for point-to-point communication up to about 40 mi
Super High Frequency (SHF)
Radio Usage:
Handheld radio i.e., “Walkie-Talkie”
VHF (FM)
Radio Usage:
Common civilian aviation
VHF (AM)
Radio Usage:
Large segment of band reserved for amateur civilian radio comm
High Frequency (HF)
The ______________ pairs antennas together to create various zones of RF energy that can be compared to interpret direction of a received signal.
Dipole Array
The curvature of the ________________is such that most waves that make contact with the dish will be reflected to a single spot called the focus.
Parabolic reflector
With a ______________the dipoles were placed at a distance of half the wavelength from each other, and the adjacent dipoles were 180 deg out of phase from each other.
Planar array
Instead of physically steering the antenna to the desired azimuth, ________ varies the phase of each feeder in such a way as to move the zone of interference from left to right and up and down.
Active Electronic Scanned Array (AESA)
Electromagnetic (EM) waves travel at what speed?
Speed of light
What is/are the coded responses to a transmission authentication?
There are none.
What allows an operator to overcome spoofing?
Authentication
What is Digital Radio Frequency Memory (DRFM) jamming and the most effective electronic protection against it?
Staggered PRF and side lobe reduction; synthesizing and inserts false radar echoes into the victims’ radar display
Electronic protection against_______.
Doppler processing at medium or high pulse repetition frequency (PRF)
Chaff
Electronic protection against_______.
Patience and persistence of operator
Sweep
Pencil beam radars utilize a raster scan to ______________?
Find target Az/elev
HAVE QUICK II improvements:
TOD for GPS
Hop through more freq more quickly
Nets increase from 5 to over 2k
Fan beam radars utilized what to determine azimuth and position? Target azimuth?
Spinning Gimbal
How do you defeat range deception jamming?
Staggered PRF/Side Lobe Reduction
Type of effects that occur when:
Ocean currents flow under cold air?
Super-refraction
Type of effects that occur when:
Reflection off of atmospheric layers?
Ducting
Type of effects that occur when:
Warm moist air moves over cold dry land
Sub-refraction
Round antenna characteristics?
Produce a thin, highly focused pencil beam
Which antenna uses fan beam this is thin in one direction and wide in the opposite plane?
Paraboloid
The OPTASKLINK Contains:
Data Frequencies
Datalink Addresses
Track blocks
