CCE WEEK 4

Question 1

What is an Analog Signal?

Answer 1

A continuous signal in which one time-varying quantity represents another time-based variable.

Question 2

What is a Digital Signal?

Answer 2

A signal that is being used to represent data as a sequence of discrete values.

Question 3

What is a Numbering System?

Answer 3

A systematic way to represent numbers with symbolic characters and uses a base value to conveniently group numbers in compact form.

Question 4

What is the Absolute Value of a digit in a number?

Answer 4

The magnitude of a digit in a number.

Question 5

What does Place Value refer to?

Answer 5

Place Value refers to the position of the digit in that number.

Question 6

What is a Bit?

Answer 6

A Bit holds one of two possible values, either of the binary digits 0 or 1.

Question 7

What is a Byte?

Answer 7

A Byte is a unit of digital information that most commonly consists of eight bits.

Question 8

What is a Nibble?

Answer 8

A Nibble is a four-bit aggregation, or half an octet.

Question 9

What is a Boolean Function?

Answer 9

A Boolean Function is an expression formed with binary variables.

Question 10

What is a Logic Gate?

Answer 10

A Logic Gate is a building block of a digital circuit.

Question 11

How are computers classified according to functionality?

Answer 11

Computers are classified according to functionality, physical size, and purpose. Functionality-wise, they can be analog, digital, or hybrid.

Question 12

What distinguishes digital computers from analog computers?

Answer 12

Digital computers process data in discrete form, while analog computers process continuous data.

Question 13

What is modulation used for in digital communication?

Answer 13

Modulation is used to convert a digital signal to an analog signal, often for transmission over analog telephone lines.

Question 14

Why is the binary number system commonly used in digital devices?

Answer 14

Binary is used because digital devices operate on binary logic (ON and OFF), and it’s more reliable, compact, and energy-efficient.

Question 15

What is the base value of the decimal numbering system?

Answer 15

The base value of the decimal numbering system is 10.

Question 16

How is the value of a decimal number calculated?

Answer 16

The value of a decimal number is the sum of each digit multiplied by 10 raised to the power of its position.

Question 17

What is the place value of a digit in a number?

Answer 17

Place value refers to the position of the digit in that number, such as tens, hundreds, thousands, etc.

Question 18

What is the base value of the binary numbering system?

Answer 18

The base value of the binary numbering system is 2.

Question 19

How are binary numbers written?

Answer 19

Binary numbers are written as X2, and each digit in a binary number is called a BIT.

Question 20

How does the place value increase in binary numbers?

Answer 20

In binary numbers, the place values increase by a factor of 2.

Question 21

What is the Hexadecimal Numbering System?

Answer 21

The hexadecimal numbering system is a base 16 system that consists of digits ranging from 0 to 9 and letters A to F, where A is equivalent to 10, B to 11, up to F which is equivalent to 15 in the base ten system.

Question 22

How can you denote a hexadecimal number?

Answer 22

A hexadecimal number can be denoted using 16 as a subscript or the capital letter H to the right of the number, such as 94B16 or 94BH.

Question 23

How can you convert binary numbers to hexadecimal numbers?

Answer 23

Every nibble (4 bits) can be converted to a hexadecimal digit using a conversion table.

Question 24

What are the two types of electric charge?

Answer 24

The two types of electric charge are Positive (Protons) and Negative (Electrons).

Question 25

What is Current, and how is it represented?

Answer 25

Current is represented by the letter I, and its basic unit of measurement is the ampere, abbreviated as amp or A. 1 amp equals 1 coulomb per second.

Question 26

What is Voltage, and how is it quantitatively expressed?

Answer 26

Voltage, also known as electromotive force, is a quantitative expression of the potential difference in charge between two points in an electrical field.

Question 27

What is Power, and how is it calculated?

Answer 27

Power is the amount of energy used or the amount of “work” a circuit is doing. It is represented by the letter P and is measured in watts (W). Power is calculated as P = E * I, where E is voltage and I is current.

Question 28

What is Resistance, and how is it represented?

Answer 28

Resistance is the opposition that a substance offers to the flow of electric current. It is represented by the letter R, and its standard unit of measurement is the ohm (Ω).

Question 29

What is Ohm’s Law, and what does it describe?

Answer 29

Ohm’s Law is a mathematical relationship between current (I), voltage (E), and resistance (R), expressed as E = I * R.

Question 30

What is a Resistor, and what is its function?

Answer 30

A resistor is an electrical component that limits or regulates the flow of electrical current in an electronic circuit to provide a specific voltage for an active device, such as a transistor.

Question 31

How are resistors represented in circuit diagrams, and what do their colors indicate?

Answer 31

Resistors can be represented by a ‘box’ symbol or a ‘zig-zag’ symbol in circuit diagrams. The color of a resistor indicates its value in ohms and follows a color-coding system.

Question 32

How can you determine the value of a resistor using color codes?

Answer 32

ou can determine the value of a resistor by interpreting its color code bands. The first band represents the first digit, the second band represents the second digit, the third band (if present) represents the multiplier, and the fourth band (if present) represents the tolerance.

Question 33

What is the tolerance value for a resistor with a gold band?

Answer 33

The tolerance value for a resistor with a gold band is ±5%, which means the actual resistance can vary between 95% and 105% of the stated value.

Question 34

How do you calculate the total resistance in a series circuit?

Answer 34

To calculate the total resistance in a series circuit, you can use the formula: RTotal = R1 + R2 + R3 + … (for all resistors in series).

Question 35

What is the formula for calculating voltage in a circuit?

Answer 35

The formula for calculating voltage (E) in a circuit is: Voltage (E) = Current (I) * Resistance (R).

Question 36

What is the difference between calculating voltage across resistors in series and parallel?

Answer 36

In series, the current remains the same for all resistors, so you add up the individual resistances to find the total resistance. In parallel, the voltage across all resistors is the same, and you can use the product over sum formula to find the total resistance.

Question 37

What is a capacitor, and what is its function?

Answer 37

A capacitor is a device used to store electrical charge in a circuit. It functions by storing energy in an electric field and releasing it when needed.

Question 38

What is the unit of capacitance, and how large is one Farad (F)?

Answer 38

The unit of capacitance is the Farad (F), and one Farad is equivalent to 6,280,000,000,000,000,000 electrons.

Question 39

What is Boolean Algebra, and how is it related to electronic gates?

Answer 39

Boolean Algebra is a mathematical system used to manipulate binary variables (0 and 1). It is used in electronic gates to design and analyze digital circuits, as electronic gates implement Boolean functions.

Question 40

What are the basic operations of Boolean Algebra?

Answer 40

The basic operations of Boolean Algebra are AND, OR, and NOT, which correspond to logical operations in digital circuits.

Question 41

What is the commutative law in Boolean Algebra, and how does it apply to logic gates?

Answer 41

The commutative law states that the order of operands doesn’t affect the result. In Boolean Algebra, it means A + B = B + A (commutative law of addition) and AB = BA (commutative law of multiplication), which apply to logic gates like OR and AND gates.

Question 42

What is the distributive law in Boolean Algebra, and how does it apply to logic gates?

Answer 42

The distributive law in Boolean Algebra states that A(B + C) = AB + AC. It applies to logic gates by showing how to simplify complex logic expressions by distributing a common term.

Question 43

What are the rules for manipulating Boolean expressions in terms of 0 and 1?

Answer 43

The rules include: A + 0 = A, A + 1 = 1, A * 0 = 0, A * 1 = A, and more. These rules help simplify Boolean expressions and design digital circuits efficiently.

Question 44

What is the purpose of electronic resistors in circuits, and how are they represented in diagrams?

Answer 44

Electronic resistors are used to limit the flow of electric current in circuits. They are represented in diagrams with symbols like ‘box’ symbols or ‘zig-zag’ symbols, and their color indicates their resistance value in ohms.

Question 45

What is the result when a variable is ORed with itself in Boolean Algebra?

Answer 45

When a variable is ORed with itself, the result is always equal to the variable. A + A = A, whether A is 0 or 1.

Question 46

What is the result when a variable is ORed with its complement in Boolean Algebra?

Answer 46

When a variable is ORed with its complement, the result is always equal to 1. A + Ā = 1, whether A is 0 or 1.

Question 47

What is the result when a variable is ANDed with itself in Boolean Algebra?

Answer 47

When a variable is ANDed with itself, the result is always equal to the variable. A * A = A, whether A is 0 or 1.

Question 48

What is the result when a variable is ANDed with its complement in Boolean Algebra?

Answer 48

When a variable is ANDed with its complement, the result is always equal to 0. A * Ā = 0, whether A is 0 or 1.

Question 49

What is the double complement of a variable in Boolean Algebra?

Answer 49

The double complement of a variable is always equal to the variable itself. If you start with the variable A, and complement (invert) it twice, you get back to A.

Question 50

What is Rule 10 in Boolean Algebra, and how can it be proved?

Answer 50

Rule 10 is A + AB = A. It can be proved using the distributive law, Rule 2 (A + AB = A), and Rule 4 (A * 1 = A).

Question 51

What is Rule 11 in Boolean Algebra, and how can it be proved?

Answer 51

Rule 11 is A + ĀB = A + B. It can be proved by applying distributive law, Rule 10 (A + AB = A), and Rule 8 (A * Ā = 0).

Question 52

What is Rule 12 in Boolean Algebra, and how can it be proved?

Answer 52

Rule 12 is (A + B)(A + C) = A + BC. It can be proved by using the distributive law and applying Rule 7 (AA = A), Rule 2 (1 + C = 1), Rule 4 (A * 1 = A), and Rule 2 (1 + B = 1).