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Question 1

DISCOVERIES AND THE RISE OF EMPIRES

Answer 1

The Portuguese and Spanish empires became the first global empires because they were the first to colonize across different continents, covering different territories around the globe. The dual motive for the imperialistic stretch was ideology and wealth.

Question 2

LATE RECONQUISTA:

Answer 2

The Reconquista (reconquest) was the period in history in which there was expansion of the Christian kingdoms throughout Hispania, and the fall of the Nasrid kingdom of Granada in 1492.

Question 3

what were the economic factors

Answer 3

The Economic factor of wanting to build a strong economy was the main reasons for exploration, Spanish and Portuguese traders, were determined to break into eastern trade, which at the time was dominated by Venice.

Question 4

another reason to the expansion

Answer 4

Also religion was another reason for expansion, a need to convert people to Christianity, a genuine need to save souls and also to provide allies.

Question 5

What were triangle sails for?

Answer 5

Triangular sails, allowed for ships to be able to sale further than before with square sails. Which saw a rise in exploration voyages. The Portuguese sailed further than ever down past the tip of Africa in 1488 by Bartolomeu Dias, creating a new trade market in the East with Asia.

Question 6

what happened in 1505?

Answer 6

Furthermore in 1505 Ferdinand Magellan, sailed to India and helped develop trade with the East.

Question 7

what happened in 1492?

Answer 7

Christopher Columbus, sailed and discovered the new world(America).

Question 8

what did the Portuguese and Spanish spent money on ?

Answer 8

Portugal and Spain had spent so much exploring and so in 1494, they wanted to start gaining profit for their efforts. The two empires, wanted to settle the territories between Castile, Aragon and Portugal.

Question 9

treaty of tordesillas ?

Answer 9

o they approached the Pope.i
The treaty partitioned the non- Christian world between them by an imaginary line in the Atlantic. Portugal could claim and occupy everything to the east of the line and Spain everything to the west.

Question 10

why was rivalry created?

Answer 10

Rivalry was created because Portugal felt that the Pope favoured Spain.

Question 11

what did the treaty define.

Answer 11

The treaty defined the areas of Castilian and Portuguese influence in Asia, in order to resolve the “Moluccas issue”. Which had only increased tension because both kingdoms claimed the Maluku Islands for themselves, claiming that they were both within their area of influence as specified in 1494, due to the Treaty of Tordesillas.

Question 12

when did conflict begin ?

Answer 12

The conflict began in 1520, when expeditions of both kingdoms reached the Pacific Ocean, because no agreed meridian of longitude had been established in the Orient

Question 13

what was treaty of Saragossa

Answer 13

The treaty of Saragossa was a peace treaty between Spain and Portugal, signed in April 1529.

Question 14

what happened after treaty of Saragossa was signed

Answer 14

Spain only gradually realized the possibilities of America.
They faced occasional enemies due to their growth in richest from colonies but defeated these dangers with their superior ships, gunnery, and seamanship.

Question 15

economical

Answer 15

Mercantilism, was the idea to gain wealth by exporting and than import less. Colbertism is improving taxes to try and enhance the nation’s wealth.
Colonies at this time were seen as the main source of income for the main nations.

Question 16

COLONIAL POLITICS:

Answer 16

Creole people were an ethnic group which originated during the colonial era, from racial mixing mainly involving (West) Africans or other people born in colonies, such as French, Spanish, and Indigenous American peoples; this process is known as creolization - children of the colonized nations.
They were discriminated, heavily by the Spaniards. Many neighbourhoods were ethnically segregated due to the division in social classes, with low- status Creoles were situated in the poorest housing.

Question 17

EUROPEAN IMPACT

Answer 17

Enlightenment ideas, stopping slavery and the devastation brought by monarchies, sparking revolutionary ideas such as the American and French revolution.

Question 18

LIBERATORS:

Answer 18

Francisco de Miranda - a Venezuelan military leader and revolutionary. Agustin Iturbide - Mexican independence leader
Simon Bolivar - South American soldier who was very instrumental in the continent’s revolutions against the Spanish empire.
Jose de San Martin - An argentinian general, who helped and contributed to the independence movement of South American countries from European rule.

Question 19

liberators 2

Answer 19

Bernardo O’Higgins - A Spanish officer who rose through the ranks of the Spanish bureaucracy, in South America and helped in the revolution, to remove European governing.
Pedro I of Brazil - nicknamed the “Liberator”, was the founder and first ruler of the Empire of Brazil, after helping remove the Portugal rule over Brazil.