CCA Semester 1

Question 1

Point Mutation (number)

Answer 1

1

Question 2

Point Mutation (definition)

Answer 2

single gene mutation, possibly resulting in an altered phenotype

Question 3

Point Mutation (example)

Answer 3

Icefish gained the anti-freeze gene as a result of a gene that over time gained a lot of point mutations until it served an entirely new function

Question 4

Gene Duplication (number)

Answer 4

2

Question 5

Gene Duplication (definition)

Answer 5

the process of creating new DNA through cell division, possibly resulting in errors

Question 6

Gene Duplication (example)

Answer 6

Errors made during gene duplication for some saltwater fish allowed for greater control of molecules in their cells, allowing them to move into a freshwater niche easily as they can control the level of minerals in their cells

Question 7

Gene Transfer (number)

Answer 7

3

Question 8

Gene Transfer (definition)

Answer 8

the unpredictable transfer of genetic information between parent and offspring, resulting in differences between generations

Question 9

Gene Transfer (example)

Answer 9

Haplodiploid systems of inheritance in bees, referring to males with one set of chromosomes and females with two. Results in sons with 100% of genes in common with father, daughters with 50%

Question 10

Phenotype (number)

Answer 10

4

Question 10

Phenotype (definition)

Answer 10

the physical characteristics of an organism, as a result of how environment and genotype interact

Question 11

Phenotype (example)

Answer 11

Human skintone influenced by parent’s skintone and also where they are geographically (sunlight levels, weather, etc)

Question 12

Niche Occupation (number)

Answer 12

5

Question 13

Niche Occupation (definition)

Answer 13

the process of occupying a niche (an organisms relationship with living and non-living things in it’s environment) to prevent competition

Question 14

Niche Occupation (example)

Answer 14

The crabs and ants on Christmas Island can’t cohabit, so in a situation where there would normally be niche partitioning, this isn’t occurring. Instead, the invasive ants kill the native crabs in an attempt to take over the niche

Question 15

Most Available Solution (number)

Answer 15

6

Question 16

Most Available Solution (definition)

Answer 16

a species evolves the trait that is not necessarily the best response to an evolutionary problem, but what is most available in its genome

Question 17

Most Available Solution (example)

Answer 17

Different rock pocket mice evolved dark fur, but through different genes. They evolved dark fur as a solution to predation, but through different ways depending on what was available for them

Question 18

Costs & Benefits (number)

Answer 18

7

Question 19

Costs & Benefits (definition)

Answer 19

whether a trait is selected for depending on the benefits or costs

Question 20

Costs & Benefits (example)

Answer 20

Descendants of LUCA lost genes necessary for living near hydrothermal vents as they were expanding out to new areas, and it was no longer beneficial to them. Those genes were not necessary, and were possibly restricting their expansion now that they were moving into new niches

Question 21

Co-Option (number)

Answer 21

8

Question 22

Co-Option (definition)

Answer 22

an existing trait evolves a new function

Question 23

Co-Option (example)

Answer 23

At the split between jawless and jawed fish, the now-jawed fish had a mutation that altered the pattern of 1st-gill development, resulting in what are now called jaws. They used what used to be a gill and co-opted it into becoming something new

Question 24

Coevolution (number)

Answer 24

9

Question 25

Coevolution (definition)

Answer 25

a species evolves new traits in response to the evolution of another species in its environment

Question 26

Coevolution (example)

Answer 26

Zooxanthellae evolved so closely with coral that they now live inside of the coral’s cells. The coral depends on the zooxanthellae for 80% of it’s food, and in turn protects the zooxanthellae