CC1+CC2 (States of matter and Separation techniques)

Question 1

What are the three states of matter

Answer 1

Solid, liquid and gas

Question 2

What are the arrangement of particles in a gas

Answer 2

• Random

- Far apart

Question 3

What are the arrangement of particles in a liquid

Answer 3

• Random

- Close together

Question 4

What are the arrangement of particles in a solid

Answer 4

• Regular

- Close together

Question 5

What are the movement of particles in a gas

Answer 5

• Fast in all directions

Question 6

What are the movement of particles in a liquid

Answer 6

• Move around each other

Question 7

What are the movement of particles in a solid

Answer 7

• Vibrate about fixed positions

Question 8

What is changing state from solid to liquid called

Answer 8

Melting

Question 9

What is changing state from solid to gas called

Answer 9

Sublimation

Question 10

What is changing state from gas to liquid called

Answer 10

Condensing

Question 11

What is changing state from liquid to gas called

Answer 11

Evaporating

Question 12

What is changing state from liquid to solid called

Answer 12

Freezing

Question 13

What is changing state from gas to solid called

Answer 13

Deposition

Question 14

How do you predict a state of matter at a certain temperature

Answer 14

Given temperature < melting point =Solid
Given temperature is between melting and boiling points =Liquid
Given temperature > boiling point =Gas
This then allows you to then plot your temperature, bp and mp on a line and figure out which state of matter it is

Question 15

Mercury at 20 degrees is what state of matter if it’s bp is 357 degrees and it’s mp is -39 degrees

Answer 15

Liquid

Question 16

Water at -10 degrees is what state of matter if it’s bp is 100 degrees and it’s mp is 0 degrees

Answer 16

Solid

Question 17

Methane at -200 degrees is what state of matter if it’s bp is -161 degrees and it’s mp is -182 degrees

Answer 17

Solid

Question 18

Oxygen at -200 degrees is what state of matter if it’s bp is -183 degrees and it’s mp is -219 degrees

Answer 18

Liquid

Question 19

Chlorine at -25 degrees is what state of matter if it’s bp is -34 degrees and it’s mp is -101 degrees

Answer 19

Gas

Question 20

How does the temperature and particles change as it is heated from a liquid to a gas

Answer 20

The temperature stays constant while the liquid is boiling. The particles are escaping from the liquid to form a gas.

Question 21

What is room temperature

Answer 21

20 degrees

Question 22

How does the temperature and particles change as it is heated from a solid to a liquid

Answer 22

The temperature stays constant while the solid is melting. The substance is still being heated, but the added energy is making the particles break away from their fixed arrangement.

Question 23

Why does the temperature remain constant during a change of state

Answer 23

The thermal energy is overcoming the forces of attraction between the particles, not increasing the temperature.

Question 24

The composition of a pure substance:

Answer 24

• Cannot be changed

- Is the same in all parts of a piece of the substance (for example pure gold containing only gold atoms)

Question 25

A mixture contains:

Answer 25

Elements and/or compounds that are not chemically joined together.

Question 26

A mixture does not have:

Answer 26

A fixed composition

Question 27

How does the melting point decide whether a substance is pure or not

Answer 27

Pure crystalline compounds usually have a sharp melting point. A wide melting point range (more than 5°C) usually indicates that the substance is impure; a narrow melting point range (O. 5-2°C) usually indicates that the substance is fairly pure.

Question 28

What is a heating curve

Answer 28

A heating curve is a graph showing the temperature of a substance plotted against the amount of energy it has absorbed.

Question 29

What are some mixtures that can be separated by filtration

Answer 29

Sand and water, coffee grounds from coffee, pebbles and water

Question 30

What are some mixtures that can be separated by crystallisation

Answer 30

Salt and water, sugar and water

Question 31

What is the formation of crystals during crystallisation

Answer 31

The water evaporates leaving solid particles beginning to form and once all the water has gone crystals are left at the bottom of the basin

Question 32

Identify pure substances and mixtures on | chromatograms.

Answer 32

A pure substance will only produce one spot on the chromatogram during paper chromatography. Two substances will be the same if they produce the same colour of spot

Question 33

How do you know if substances that are identical on | chromatograms.

Answer 33

- they produce the same number of spots, and these match in colour - the spots travel the same distance up the paper (have the same Rf value)

Question 34

Rf value =

Answer 34

Distance travelled by the substance ----------------------------------------------------- Distance travelled by solvent