CC1: ANALYTICAL TECHNIQUES AND ISTRUMENTATION Flashcards
Which type of electromagnetic radiation has the shortest wavelength?
A) Infrared
B) Ultraviolet
C) X-rays
D) Radio waves
C) X-rays
What is the unit commonly used for measuring wavelength in spectrophotometry?
A) Angstrom (Å)
B) Millimeters (mm)
C) Kilometers (km)
D) Decibels (dB)
A) Angstrom (Å)
What is the principle of Beer-Lambert’s Law?
A) Wavelength is proportional to transmittance
B) Absorbance is directly proportional to concentration
C) Frequency is independent of energy
D) Longer wavelengths have higher energy
B) Absorbance is directly proportional to concentration
Which lamp is used as a light source for the UV region in spectrophotometry?
A) Tungsten lamp
B) Mercury vapor lamp
C) Deuterium lamp
D) Sodium lamp
C) Deuterium lamp
Which component of a spectrophotometer isolates a specific wavelength of light?
A) Light source
B) Monochromator
C) Detector
D) Cuvette
B) Monochromator
Which gas is commonly used in flame emission spectrophotometry?
A) Oxygen
B) Acetylene
C) Helium
D) Nitrogen
B) Acetylene
What does turbidimetry measure?
A) The amount of scattered light
B) The amount of light blocked by a suspension
C) The intensity of emitted light
D) The charge of ions in solution
B) The amount of light blocked by a suspension
What is the primary function of the cuvette in spectrophotometry?
A) To detect light intensity
B) To hold the sample solution
C) To generate a wavelength
D) To amplify signal detection
B) To hold the sample solution
Which of the following wavelengths corresponds to red light?
A) 200-300 nm
B) 450-500 nm
C) 600-700 nm
D) 800-900 nm
C) 600-700 nm
Which chromatography technique separates substances based on their molecular size?
A) Ion-exchange chromatography
B) Gel chromatography
C) Gas chromatography
D) Paper chromatography
B) Gel chromatography
What does a potentiometer measure?
A) Light emission
B) Voltage difference
C) Electric current
D) Molecular weight
B) Voltage difference
Which electrophoresis technique uses a cellulose acetate strip as a medium?
A) Starch gel electrophoresis
B) Agarose gel electrophoresis
C) Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
D) Cellulose acetate electrophoresis
D) Cellulose acetate electrophoresis
Which internal standard is commonly used in flame emission spectrophotometry?
A) Sodium
B) Lithium
C) Magnesium
D) Iron
B) Lithium
Which technique measures the amount of fluorescence emitted after a molecule absorbs light?
A) Fluorimetry
B) Spectrophotometry
C) Chromatography
D) Amperometry
A) Fluorimetry
What is the main principle of atomic absorption spectrophotometry?
A) Measures the amount of light emitted
B) Measures the absorption of light by neutral atoms
C) Measures ion separation in an electric field
D) Measures the heat generated by a reaction
B) Measures the absorption of light by neutral atoms
Which component in spectrophotometry prevents unwanted scattered light?
A) Exit slit
B) Entrance slit
C) Prism
D) Detector
B) Entrance slit
Which electrode technique measures pH and electrolyte concentration?
A) Coulometry
B) Amperometry
C) Potentiometry
D) Conductometry
C) Potentiometry
Which analytical technique is commonly used in hematology for cell counting?
A) Chromatography
B) Nephelometry
C) Flow cytometry
D) Fluorimetry
C) Flow cytometry
Which supporting medium is used in paper chromatography?
A) Silica gel
B) Glass beads
C) Cellulose paper
D) Polyacrylamide gel
C) Cellulose paper
What is the purpose of the hollow cathode lamp in atomic absorption spectrophotometry?
A) Provides a specific wavelength for the metal being analyzed
B) Increases sample temperature
C) Measures voltage difference
D) Enhances fluorescence detection
A) Provides a specific wavelength for the metal being analyzed
(T or F) The shorter the wavelength, the higher the energy of light.
True
(T/F) Fluorimetry measures the amount of scattered light.
False (It measures fluorescence emission.)
(T/F) Gel chromatography separates substances based on their molecular weight.
True
(T/F) Ion-exchange chromatography separates compounds based on size.
False (It separates based on charge.)
(T/F) Atomic absorption spectrophotometry is mainly used to measure metals like calcium and magnesium.
True
(T/F) Longer wavelengths correspond to higher frequencies.
False (Longer wavelengths correspond to lower frequencies.)
(T/F) The entrance slit in a spectrophotometer prevents stray light from entering the monochromator.
True
Tungsten lamps are commonly used for the UV region in spectrophotometry.
False (Deuterium lamps are used for UV.)
Nephelometry measures light transmitted through a sample.
False (It measures scattered light.)
In potentiometry, an electrode potential is used to determine ion concentration.
True
Chromatography is used only for liquid samples.
False (It can be used for gases too.)
Flow cytometry is commonly used in CBC tests.
True
Amperometry measures current flow when a constant voltage is applied.
True
An increase in ionic strength increases the rate of migration in electrophoresis.
False (Higher ionic strength slows migration.)
Beer-Lambert’s law states that absorbance is inversely proportional to concentration.
False (Absorbance is directly proportional to concentration.)
Which of the following is NOT a type of chromatography?
A) Gas chromatography
B) Paper chromatography
C) Gel filtration chromatography
D) Nephelometry
Answer: D) Nephelometry
What does electrophoresis primarily separate molecules based on?
A) Size and charge
B) Absorption of light
C) Wavelength emission
D) pH level
Answer: A) Size and charge
Which of the following is NOT a detector used in spectrophotometry?
A) Photomultiplier tube
B) Hollow cathode lamp
C) Barrier layer cell
D) Photoemission tube
Answer: B) Hollow cathode lamp
Which wavelength range corresponds to ultraviolet (UV) light?
A) 10-400 nm
B) 400-700 nm
C) 700-1000 nm
D) 1000-2000 nm
Answer: A) 10-400 nm
Which component in spectrophotometry holds the sample solution?
A) Detector
B) Cuvette
C) Monochromator
D) Light source
B) Cuvette
What is the primary principle of gas chromatography?
A) Separation based on molecular weight
B) Separation based on charge
C) Separation based on volatility
D) Separation based on fluorescence
Answer: C) Separation based on volatility
What is the purpose of a diffraction grating in a spectrophotometer?
A) Absorbs unwanted light
B) Converts light energy into electrical energy
C) Separates white light into different wavelengths
D) Measures the concentration of a solution
Answer: C) Separates white light into different wavelengths
Which supporting medium is commonly used in electrophoresis?
A) Silica gel
B) Polyacrylamide gel
C) Cellulose acetate
D) Both B and C
Answer: D) Both B and C
Which of the following is NOT a type of spectrophotometry?
A) Flame emission spectrophotometry
B) Atomic absorption spectrophotometry
C) Fluorometry
D) Conductometry
Answer: D) Conductometry
Which type of chromatography separates substances based on their solubility?
A) Ion-exchange chromatography
B) Partition chromatography
C) Gas chromatography
D) Thin-layer chromatography
Answer: B) Partition chromatography
Which of the following is NOT a component of a spectrophotometer?
A) Light source
B) Monochromator
C) Electrophoresis chamber
D) Detector
Answer: C) Electrophoresis chamber
What is the role of the stationary phase in chromatography?
A) To act as a support for the separation process
B) To vaporize the sample
C) To emit light energy
D) To convert the sample into ions
Answer: A) To act as a support for the separation process
Which analytical technique is used to measure the charge of an ion by measuring its electrical conductivity?
A) Conductometry
B) Potentiometry
C) Coulometry
D) Nephelometry
Answer: A) Conductometry
What happens to electrons in flame emission spectrophotometry?
A) They absorb energy and move to a higher state, then emit light when returning to ground state
B) They are dissolved in a solvent for analysis
C) They are separated based on charge
D) They form chemical bonds with other atoms
Answer: A) They absorb energy and move to a higher state, then emit light when returning to ground state
Which of the following factors affects fluorescence intensity?
A) Concentration of fluorophore
B) Wavelength of absorbed light
C) Temperature
D) All of the above
Answer: D) All of the above
