CC RECALLS Flashcards
🔘Material of known concentration
🔘Used to develope std curve/for calibration of instruments.
Standard
▪️Carry over problems of EDTA.
⬆️ Na, K
⬇️ Ca, Fe
▪️All purpose type of extinguisher
▪️Used for ordinary combustibles, flammable liquid and elc’l equipments
Dry chemical
Part of spectrophotometer that selects SPECIFIC wavelength of light.
Monochromator
▪️Have 2 monochromators.
▪️determines amt of light emitted after EXCITATION.
Fluorometer
Effect of hemolysis to glucose in hexokinase mtd.
False ⬇️
Requirements for OGTT testing.
▪️px must be:
▪️fasting:
▪️diet:
Ambulatory px
8-14hrs fasting
Unrestricted diet of at least 150 CHO for 3 days
✖️smoke, drink alcohol
LDL chole: 150 mg/dL
Borderline high
> 220 mg/dL chole:
Mod risk:
High risk:
30-39
20-29
A copper-binding A2 glycoprotein.
Ceruloplasmin
Wilson’s dse
1g Nitrogen corresponds to how many grams of Proteins?
6.54
BUN:CREA RATIO
10-20:1
Effect of chemotherapy and allopurinol to uric acid.
Increase
Simplest mtd for creatinine determination (lacks specificity)
Colorimentric: endpoint
▪️colorimentric:kinetic - rapid, ⬆️specific
Enz: measures ammonia colorimetrically or using ise
Moderate (3-5x) ⬆️ LDH indicates what dse.
MI -myocardial infarction
▪️System that separates samples and rgts into containers.
▪️multiple tests on a single sample
Discrete analyzer
Cardiac failure is accompanied by ⬆️/⬇️ renin concentration.
⬆️
Compensatory mechanism: METABOLIC ACIDOSIS
Hyperventilation
Compensatory mechanism: METABOLIC ALKALOSIS
Hypoventilation
Vit. B6 deficiency condition.
FACIAL SEBORRHEA
Bile obstruction:
ALT, AST, ALP
All ⬆️
Transport protein of iron
Transferrin
Viral hepatitis:
Direct and indirect bili -
⬆️⬆️
Type of kinetic wherein rxn rate is directly proportional to: SUBSTRATE concentration
1st Order
Type of kinetic wherein rxn rate is directly proportional to: ENZYME concentration
Zero-order
SI unit for enzymatic activity.
mol/sec
Help confirm dx if a px has hypothyroidism : T3 ⬇️ ; T4 🆗
Tsh
Type of drug which HASHISH belongs to.
Cannabinoids
Drug used to treat people with MANIC DEPRESSION (bipolar d/o)
Lithium
In type I Criggler-Najjar sx, ⬆️indirect bili and deposition within the brain of an infant leads to?
KERNICTERUS
10%contamination of 5%dextrose - what is the effect to glucose?
⬆️to 500mg/dl
If there is __% ⬇️ in PO2, there is __%⬆️ PCO2.
7, 3
Color hazards: ▪️REACTIVITY/STABILITY ▪️SPECIFIC ▪️HEALTH ▪️FLAMMABILITY
Yellow
White
Blue
Red
⬆️/⬇️ : direct bili in bile obstruction
⬆️
How many times increase of CK can lead to MI?
10
⬆️ GH IN ADULT
Acromegaly
⬆️ GH IN CHILDREN
Gigantism
Drug of choice for petit mal and grand mal seizure.
Valproic acid
Enzyme used to investigate alleged rape
ACP
Wavelength of visible light:
400-700
UV -IR
Not used for derivation of LDL
VLDL
Fasting hrs for TAG
12-14 hrs
Cocaine metabolite
Benzoylecgonine
Type of DM assoc with early onset, absolute insulin def, and has Ab against beta cells of pancreas.
Type 1 DM
Type 2: late onset, relative insulin def
Rate of glucose metab if spx is left at ROOM TEMP:
7mg/dL/hr
Rate of glucose metab if spx is left at 4’C:
4mg/dl/hr
Mtd for testing urea which is inexpensive but lacks specificity.
Colorimetric: diacetyl
▪️Enz: NH3 -specific, expensive
Part of pituitary gland that do not produce enzymes but rather secretes them.
POSTERIOR
BSC CLASS OF LAMINAR FLOW
II
Grade of water used for preparation of std solution
Type I water
Transcribe RACE
Rescue
Alarm
Contain
Extinguish
Characterized of havibg 6 or more consecutive values that either ⬆️ or ⬇️ over 6 days.
Trend
Having 6 or more consecutive values that distributre on one side or either side of the mean.
SHIFT
Most potent estrogen
Estradiol (E2)
Classical rxn associated to estrogen
KOBER RXN
Rgt used in Kober rxn
Hydroquinone sulfuric acid
(+) pink
LD Rxn
Forward:
Reverse:
F: WACKER
R: WROBLEWSKI-LaDue
CK Rxn
Forward:
Reverse:
F: Tanzer-Gilvarg
R: Oliver-Rosalski
HLD level risk for heart dse
<35 / <40mg/dl
Protective: >60
“Floating B-lpp”
B-VLDL
“Sinking pre-B lpp”
Lp (a)
Highest concentration of B-VLDL
Type 3 hyperlipoproteinemia
Routinely measured electrolytes
Na
K
Cl
HCO3
LDL Chole can be computed from measurements of:
TAG
TC
HDL
Na concentration in diabetic px
⬇️
Ac used in most chemistry test
Lithium heparin
- has least interference with analysis
Cx (2) that show pronounced ⬆️ (>5x the normal) of AST:
Acute pancreatitis
MI
Single most impt use of SERUM ELECTROPHORESIS:
Detection of MONOCLONAL GAMMOPATHY
Counterbalance of SODIUM
Chloride
Driving force of bicarbonate system
CO2
Relationship of CHLORIDE AND BICARBONATE LEVELS
Inverse
Blood glucose level considered to be HYPOGLYCEMIC
<50mg/dl
Liver fxn test for overall capacity to transport bile:
SERUM BILIRUBIN LEVELS
An enzyme which is a part of the liver and biliary fxn tests which assess abnormalities of the BILE-DUCT EPITHELIUM
ALP
BICARBONATE:CARBONIC ACID
20:1
If blood spx with ⬆️WBC is left standing= effect to glucose
Substantial ⬇️
An instrument that us s a diffraction grating monochromator.
Spectrophotometer
Organs that secretes hormones (4)
Anterior Pit Gland
posterior P.G
Thyroid gland
Parathyroid gland
Most sensitive and specific screening test for CUSHING’s syndrome.
24HR Urinary cortisol test
*others:
▪️overnight dexamethasone suppression test (most common)
▪️salivary cortisol test
CONFIRMATORY:
▪️Low-Dose Dexamethasone supp. Test
▪️midnight plasma cortisol (>7.5 ug/dL)
▪️CRH stimulation test
Burning electrical equipment is Type __ fire hazard.
C
Considered as one-step mtd for Cholesterol determination
Lieberman-Burchardt
Term used for ELEVATED urea in blood
AZOTEMIA
Enzyme having the LEAST organ-specificity
LDH (unreliable marker)
Condition where there is ARTIFACTUAL HYPERALBUMINEMIA
Prolonged tourniquet application
Marker for breast cancer
CA 15.3
Cortisol is highest at ___ and ⬇️ in the ____.
8am
Afternoon (lowest: 10-12pm)
Damage in the biliary epithelium: effect to ALT
⬆️
Are routinely used to assess kidney fxn
K
Creatinine
Order of draw
STOP LIGHT RED GREEN LIGHT GO SPS Light blue Red Green Lavender Gray
LDH has moderate specificity to: (3)
Heart
Liver
Skeletal muscle
Are considered as risk factor for coronary heart dse
TAG
Things that must be investigated by the physician in an asymptomatic DM px: (3)
▪️history of vascular dse
▪️history of insulin resistance
▪️hypertension
Accdg to NCEP GUIDELINES, the coefficient of variation for HDL chole should be =4%
=4%
Abrupt change in ctrl values leads to: shift or trend?
Shift
Shows relative concentration of a solution.
Dilution
Enzyme that catalyzes an oxidation-reduction rxn
LDH
A condition which will cause a pronounces AST elevation
Viral hepatitis
Most affected electrolyte by hemolysis
K
This participates in the maintenance of blood pH (7)
Hgb
The cause of metabolic acidosis
⬇️HCO3
Effect of CONN’S Dse to Na and K
⬆️Na
⬇️K
Disorders caused by FAULTY FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE HORMONES
▪️HIRSUTISM
▪️PCOS (POLYCYSTIC OVARIAN SX)
This can cause sterility and infertility: hyper or hyposecretion of GONADOTROPINS
Hypo
Is used in the laboratory which demonstrates the Westgard Multirules
Levey-Jennings Chart (Dot Chart)
Earliest marker for ACUTE PANCREATITIS
Amylase
Most specific marker for ACUTE PANCREATITIS
Lipase
Spx delayed for glucose testing stored in the ref will exhibit glycolysis at the rate of:
2mg/dl/hr
