CC Cardiac-Differential Diagnosis Flashcards
Acute MI (Causes)
- Arthrosclerotic disease
- Stimulant use
- Inflammatory disease
- Degenerative disease
Acute MI (Important History)
- Sudden onset, radiation to arms, neck, jaw
- Crushing, burning, stabbing pain
- Nausea, dizzy
Acute MI (Exam findings)
- Sweating, dyspnea, Hyper/HypoT, Crackles
- Unusual: Syncope, abd pain, fatigue, weakness, SOB
- PAC’s, PVC’s, S3, S4
Acute MI (Treatment)
- IV,O2, Monitor/12 lead
- Thrombolytic checklist
- Nitro, Aspirin, Morphine, Thrombolytics, Clopidogrel
Angina Stable/Unstable (Causes0
-Over exertion, atherosclerotic disease, degenerative disease
Angina Stable/Unstable (Important History)
- Usually 5-15 min duration of pain, usually relieved by rest or nitro
- Presence of risk factors
- Unstable if symptoms occur frequently with less exertion
Angina Stable/Unstable (Exam Findings)
- Same s/s as MI
- Stable: Pain goes away with treatment
- Unstable: Not complete relief w/ treatment and clean 12 lead
Angina Stable/Unstable (Treatment)
Treat as an MI
Cardiac Tamponade (Causes)
- Excess fluid in pericardium
- Pericarditis
- Trauma
Cardiac Tamponade (Important History)
- Chest pain may or not be present (pericarditis may be present)
- Ask about recent heart surgery
Cardiac Tamponade (Exam Findings)
- Becks Triad: JVD, HypoT, Muffled Heart sounds
- Dyspnea, TachyC, NARROW PULSE PRESSURE, Pulsus paradoxus, chest pain relief bending forward
- ECG: Electrical alternans, PR depression
Cardiac Tamponade (Treatment)
- Monitor and treat dysrhythmias
- Rapid Transport
- HypoT: NSS, Dopamine
Costocondritis (Inflammation between ribs) (Causes)
- Respiratory infection
- Localized Trauma
- Lifting/Moving
Costocondritis (Important History)
- Gradual increase over days
- Worsens with deep breath
- Very localized pain
Costrocondritis (Exam Findings)
- Fever, TachyC, Cough, Dyspnea
- Decreased breath sounds in affected areas, Hypoventilation
Costocondritis (Treatment)
- IV,O2,Monitor
- Pain Management (Ketorolac)
Mitral Valve Prolapse (Causes)
- Mitral valve expansion into left atrium
- Regurg of blood into pulmonic vein during systole
Mitral valve prolapse (Important History)
- Episodes of chest pain, possible dizziness, palpitations, syncope
- Most common in females, serious in men over 50
Mitral valve prolapse (Exam Findings)
- Midsystolic click
- Possible heart rhythm disturbance, chest pain, dyspnea
Mitral valve prolapse (Treatment)
- Support
- IV, O2, Monitor
- Treat dysrhythmias
Pericarditis (Causes)
- Infections
- Renal failure
- Aortic dissection
Pericarditis (Important History)
- Infection, PMH, recent trauma
- Chest pain is cardinal symptom
- Pain with increased respiration, relieved by sitting forward
Pericarditis (Exam Findings)
-Chest pain, fever, dyspnea, pericardial friction rub
Pericarditis (Treatment)
- ABC’s
- Monitor, treat dysrhythmias
- Rapid transport
- HypoT: NSS/Dopamine
Pulmonary Embolism (Causes)
- Air embolism
- Venous thrombosis, recent surgery
- Pregnancy
- Smoking
- Birth control
Pulmonary Embolism (Important History)
-Sudden onset; Pleuritic, worsens with deep breath, history of immobility, DVT, recent pregnancy, smoking
Pulmonary Embolism (Exam Findings)
- Nagging chest pain over time, sudden SOB
- Friction rub, cough, dyspnea, TachyC, Hypoxia
- Possible fever, crackles, chest wall tenderness, syncope, coughing up blood
- Heart rhythm disturbance
Pulmonary Embolism (Treatment)
- High flow O2
- Fluids
- Monitor and treat dysrhythmias
Tension Pneumothorax (Causes)
- Abnormal collection of air in pleural space
- Secondary; Trauma, possible after heavy lifting/coughing
- Pleuritic pain, worse with deep breath
- Spontaneous: Tall, thin, male, smoker
