CC - Carbohydrates, trace elements, and vitamins Flashcards

1
Q

Metabolism of glucose to lactate
or pyruvate for production of
energy

A

Glycolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
Formation of
glucose-6-phosphate from
noncarbohydrate source;
conversion of fatty acids and
amino acids to glucose by the
liver
A

Gluconeogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Breakdown of glycogen to

glucose for used as energy

A

Glycogenolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Conversion of glucose to

glycogen

A

Glycogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Conversion of carbohydrates to

fatty acids

A

Lipogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Decomposition of fats

last process

A

Lipolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Energy production (24 per Acetyl CoA molecule ATP); 12 per acetyl coa molecule

A

Tricarboxylic acid & electron

transport system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Energy source of many anabolic
reactions and glycolysis in RBCs
since the lack mitochondria

A

Hexose monophosphate shunt

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Beta cell
destruction (no
production of
insulin)

A

type 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q
Insulin
resistance (our
body doesn't
want/ rejects
insulin)
A

type 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

prediabetes: Autoantibodies (+)

A

type 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

prediabetes: Autoantibodies (-)

A

type 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Symptoms

develop abruptly

A

type 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Symptoms

develop gradually

A

type 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Your body is no
longer able to
produce insulin

A

type 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q
Your body still
produces insulin, but
it doesn’t make
enough of it or it
doesn’t use it
efficiently
A

type 2

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

screening for gestational diabetes

A

between 24 and 28

weeks of gestation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

common in babies

A

galactosemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

3 main causes of galactosemia

A

Galactose-1-phosphate Uridylyltransferase
(GALT)
Galactokinase (GALK1)
UDP-galactose-4’-epimerase (GALE)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The warning signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia

are related to

A

CNS

21
Q

WHIPPLE’S TRIAD

A

Low blood glucose
Confusion
Relief of symptoms after glucose
administration

22
Q

Enhances insulin action

A

CHROMIUM

23
Q

Hemoglobin synthesis;

component of Vit B12

A

COBALT

24
Q

Cellular respiration, collagen
synthesis, component of several
metalloenzymes

A

COPPER

25
Q

Transport protein of copper

A

Albumin & Transcuprein

26
Q

Prevents dental caries

A

FLUORINE

27
Q

Thyroid hormone synthesis

A

IODINE

28
Q

Oxygen transport

A

IRON

29
Q

Bone and connective tissue

function

A

MANGANESE

30
Q

DNA metabolism

A

MOLYBDENUM

31
Q

`Prevents oxidation

A

SELENIUM

32
Q

Cofactor for about 300 enzymes

A

ZINC

33
Q

transport protein of zinc

A

Albumin

34
Q

VIT A

A

Retinol

35
Q

vit d2

A

Ergocalciferol

36
Q

d3

A

`cholecalciferol

37
Q

e

A

alpha-tocopherol

38
Q

k

A

phytonadione

39
Q

b1

A

thiamin

40
Q

b2

A

riboflavin

41
Q

b5

A

pantothenic acid

42
Q

b6

A

pyridoxine

43
Q

b12

A

cyanocobalamin

44
Q

c

A

ascorbic acid

45
Q

Enzyme cofactor

A

biotin

46
Q

Fat catabolism

A

carnitine

47
Q

folic acid

A

Pteroylglutamic Acid

48
Q

niacin/niacinamide b3

A

Nicotinic Acid/ Nicotinamide