CC - Carbohydrates, trace elements, and vitamins

Question 1

Metabolism of glucose to lactate
or pyruvate for production of
energy

Answer 1

Glycolysis

Question 2

Formation of
glucose-6-phosphate from
noncarbohydrate source;
conversion of fatty acids and
amino acids to glucose by the
liver

Answer 2

Gluconeogenesis

Question 3

Breakdown of glycogen to

glucose for used as energy

Answer 3

Glycogenolysis

Question 4

Conversion of glucose to

glycogen

Answer 4

Glycogenesis

Question 5

Conversion of carbohydrates to

fatty acids

Answer 5

Lipogenesis

Question 6

Decomposition of fats

last process

Answer 6

Lipolysis

Question 7

Energy production (24 per Acetyl CoA molecule ATP); 12 per acetyl coa molecule

Answer 7

Tricarboxylic acid & electron

transport system

Question 8

Energy source of many anabolic
reactions and glycolysis in RBCs
since the lack mitochondria

Answer 8

Hexose monophosphate shunt

Question 9

Beta cell
destruction (no
production of
insulin)

Answer 9

type 1

Question 10

Insulin
resistance (our
body doesn't
want/ rejects
insulin)

Answer 10

type 2

Question 11

prediabetes: Autoantibodies (+)

Answer 11

type 1

Question 12

prediabetes: Autoantibodies (-)

Answer 12

type 2

Question 13

Symptoms

develop abruptly

Answer 13

type 1

Question 14

Symptoms

develop gradually

Answer 14

type 2

Question 15

Your body is no
longer able to
produce insulin

Answer 15

type 1

Question 16

Your body still
produces insulin, but
it doesn’t make
enough of it or it
doesn’t use it
efficiently

Answer 16

type 2

Question 17

screening for gestational diabetes

Answer 17

between 24 and 28

weeks of gestation

Question 18

common in babies

Answer 18

galactosemia

Question 19

3 main causes of galactosemia

Answer 19

Galactose-1-phosphate Uridylyltransferase
(GALT)
Galactokinase (GALK1)
UDP-galactose-4’-epimerase (GALE)

Question 20

The warning signs and symptoms of hypoglycemia

are related to

Answer 20

CNS

Question 21

WHIPPLE’S TRIAD

Answer 21

Low blood glucose
Confusion
Relief of symptoms after glucose
administration

Question 22

Enhances insulin action

Answer 22

CHROMIUM

Question 23

Hemoglobin synthesis;

component of Vit B12

Answer 23

COBALT

Question 24

Cellular respiration, collagen
synthesis, component of several
metalloenzymes

Answer 24

COPPER

Question 25

Transport protein of copper

Answer 25

Albumin & Transcuprein

Question 26

Prevents dental caries

Answer 26

FLUORINE

Question 27

Thyroid hormone synthesis

Answer 27

IODINE

Question 28

Oxygen transport

Answer 28

IRON

Question 29

Bone and connective tissue

function

Answer 29

MANGANESE

Question 30

DNA metabolism

Answer 30

MOLYBDENUM

Question 31

`Prevents oxidation

Answer 31

SELENIUM

Question 32

Cofactor for about 300 enzymes

Answer 32

ZINC

Question 33

transport protein of zinc

Answer 33

Albumin

Question 34

VIT A

Answer 34

Retinol

Question 35

vit d2

Answer 35

Ergocalciferol

Question 36

d3

Answer 36

`cholecalciferol

Question 37

e

Answer 37

alpha-tocopherol

Question 38

k

Answer 38

phytonadione

Question 39

b1

Answer 39

thiamin

Question 40

b2

Answer 40

riboflavin

Question 41

b5

Answer 41

pantothenic acid

Question 42

b6

Answer 42

pyridoxine

Question 43

b12

Answer 43

cyanocobalamin

Question 44

c

Answer 44

ascorbic acid

Question 45

Enzyme cofactor

Answer 45

biotin

Question 46

Fat catabolism

Answer 46

carnitine

Question 47

folic acid

Answer 47

Pteroylglutamic Acid

Question 48

niacin/niacinamide b3

Answer 48

Nicotinic Acid/ Nicotinamide