CC Carbohydrates Flashcards
Major component of human diet, an important source of body energy
Carbohydrates
Also known as levulose or fruit sugar
Fructose
“Milk sugar”
Lactose
Common table sugar, obtained from beets and sugar cane
Sucrose
Found in cereals, wheat, and malt products
Maltose
Storage form of glucose
Glycogen
Most important glucose consumer
Brain
Carbohydrate digestion starts in the mouth through the enzyme ______ ?
Salivary Amylase (Ptyalin)
Metabolism of glucose molecule to pyruvate or lactate to energy
Glycolysis
Formation of glucose-6-phosphate from non-carbohydrate sources
Gluconeogenesis
Breakdown of glycogen to glucose for use as energy
Glycogenesis
Conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage
Glycogenesis
Conversion of carbohydrates to fatty acids
Lipogenesis
Breakdown of fats
Lipolysis
Hormones that increase blood glucose
Glucagon, epinephrine, cortisol, growth hormone, thyroxine
Hormone that decrease blood glucose
Insulin
Inhibits release of growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon
Somatostatin
Produced by the beta cells of the pancreas
Insulin
Produced by the alpha cells of pancreas
Glucagon
Standard clinical specimen
Venous plasma glucose
Fasting for FBS specimen
8-10 hours of overnight fasting
Venous blood has (lower or higher) glucose levels compared to arterial blood ?
Lower
Capillary blood has (lower or higher) glucose levels compared to venous blood ?
Higher
Whole blood gives approximately ____ glucose levels than serum or plasma
10-15% Lower
A serum specimen is appropriate for glucose analysis if serum is separated from the cells within ______
30 to 60 minutes
Glucose is metabolized at RT at a rate of ______
7mg/dL/hr
At 4°C, glucose decreases by approximately _____
2mg/dL/hr
Tube preferred for plasma glucose collection
Gray top
Fluoride binds Magnesium, which causes inhibition of the enzyme _____ .
Enolase
CSF glucose concentration is approximately _____ that of plasma concentrations.
60-70%
Blood glucose should be obtained _____ before the spinal tap
1-2 hours
Reagent and Positive color for the ff:
a. ) Folin Wu
b. ) Nelson-Somogyi
c. ) Neocuproine
a.) Folin Wu
Reagent = phosphomolybdate
Positive color = blue
b.) Nelson-Somogyi
Reagent = arsenomolybdate
Positive color = blue
c.) Neocupreine
Reagent = Neocuproine
Positive color = orange-red (or yellow to orange)
Sugar not detected by copper reduction?
Sucrose, because it is a non-reducing sugar
Also known as Hagedorn Jensen method
Ferric Reduction Method
Ferric reduction is measured at ___nm.
400nm
Glucose oxidase can only detect for the presence of ____
beta-D-glucose
Converts alpha-D-glucose to beta-D-glucose?
Mutarotase
Seliwanoff’s test is for the detection of ?
Fructose
Bial’s test is for the detection of
Pentose
Normal fasting glucose?
70-100mg/dL
Prediabetes fasting glucose?
100-125mg/dL
