CC Carbohydrates

Question 1

Major component of human diet, an important source of body energy

Answer 1

Carbohydrates

Question 2

Also known as levulose or fruit sugar

Answer 2

Fructose

Question 3

“Milk sugar”

Answer 3

Lactose

Question 4

Common table sugar, obtained from beets and sugar cane

Answer 4

Sucrose

Question 5

Found in cereals, wheat, and malt products

Answer 5

Maltose

Question 6

Storage form of glucose

Answer 6

Glycogen

Question 7

Most important glucose consumer

Answer 7

Brain

Question 8

Carbohydrate digestion starts in the mouth through the enzyme ______ ?

Answer 8

Salivary Amylase (Ptyalin)

Question 9

Metabolism of glucose molecule to pyruvate or lactate to energy

Answer 9

Glycolysis

Question 10

Formation of glucose-6-phosphate from non-carbohydrate sources

Answer 10

Gluconeogenesis

Question 11

Breakdown of glycogen to glucose for use as energy

Answer 11

Glycogenesis

Question 12

Conversion of glucose to glycogen for storage

Answer 12

Glycogenesis

Question 13

Conversion of carbohydrates to fatty acids

Answer 13

Lipogenesis

Question 14

Breakdown of fats

Answer 14

Lipolysis

Question 15

Hormones that increase blood glucose

Answer 15

Glucagon, epinephrine, cortisol, growth hormone, thyroxine

Question 16

Hormone that decrease blood glucose

Answer 16

Insulin

Question 17

Inhibits release of growth hormone, insulin, and glucagon

Answer 17

Somatostatin

Question 18

Produced by the beta cells of the pancreas

Answer 18

Insulin

Question 19

Produced by the alpha cells of pancreas

Answer 19

Glucagon

Question 20

Standard clinical specimen

Answer 20

Venous plasma glucose

Question 21

Fasting for FBS specimen

Answer 21

8-10 hours of overnight fasting

Question 22

Venous blood has (lower or higher) glucose levels compared to arterial blood ?

Answer 22

Lower

Question 23

Capillary blood has (lower or higher) glucose levels compared to venous blood ?

Answer 23

Higher

Question 24

Whole blood gives approximately ____ glucose levels than serum or plasma

Answer 24

10-15% Lower

Question 25

A serum specimen is appropriate for glucose analysis if serum is separated from the cells within ______

Answer 25

30 to 60 minutes

Question 26

Glucose is metabolized at RT at a rate of ______

Answer 26

7mg/dL/hr

Question 27

At 4°C, glucose decreases by approximately _____

Answer 27

2mg/dL/hr

Question 28

Tube preferred for plasma glucose collection

Answer 28

Gray top

Question 29

Fluoride binds Magnesium, which causes inhibition of the enzyme _____ .

Answer 29

Enolase

Question 30

CSF glucose concentration is approximately _____ that of plasma concentrations.

Answer 30

60-70%

Question 31

Blood glucose should be obtained _____ before the spinal tap

Answer 31

1-2 hours

Question 32

Reagent and Positive color for the ff: a. ) Folin Wu b. ) Nelson-Somogyi c. ) Neocuproine

Answer 32

a.) Folin Wu Reagent = phosphomolybdate Positive color = blue b.) Nelson-Somogyi Reagent = arsenomolybdate Positive color = blue c.) Neocupreine Reagent = Neocuproine Positive color = orange-red (or yellow to orange)

Question 33

Sugar not detected by copper reduction?

Answer 33

Sucrose, because it is a non-reducing sugar

Question 34

Also known as Hagedorn Jensen method

Answer 34

Ferric Reduction Method

Question 35

Ferric reduction is measured at ___nm.

Answer 35

400nm

Question 36

Glucose oxidase can only detect for the presence of ____

Answer 36

beta-D-glucose

Question 37

Converts alpha-D-glucose to beta-D-glucose?

Answer 37

Mutarotase

Question 38

Seliwanoff's test is for the detection of ?

Answer 38

Fructose

Question 39

Bial's test is for the detection of

Answer 39

Pentose

Question 40

Normal fasting glucose?

Answer 40

70-100mg/dL

Question 41

Prediabetes fasting glucose?

Answer 41

100-125mg/dL