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Cerebral Cortex > Cc > Flashcards

Cc Flashcards

1
Q

What does grey matter and white matter consist of

A

Grey matter consist of neuronal cell bodies
White matter consists of axons and is in the middle of the brain

In the spinal chord the opposite is true - grey is on the inside and white is on the outside

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2
Q

What is a bundle of axons called in the PNS and CNS?

A

In the CNS it’s called a tract - in the PNS it’s called a nerve

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3
Q

Tell me the different planes of the brain

A

Rostral, caudal, dorsal, ventral
Horizontal
Sagital
Transversal

Lateral
Medial

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4
Q

Tell me the different planes of the brain

A

Rostral, caudal, dorsal, ventral
Horizontal
Sagital
Transversal

Lateral
Medial

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5
Q

Tell me the different planes of the brain

A

Rostral, caudal, dorsal, ventral
Horizontal
Sagital
Transversal

Lateral
Medial

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6
Q

Name the four lobes and their functions

A

Parietal (senses, touch and somatosensory info, spatial awareness - damage to this area can lead to apraxia which can reduce spatial awareness- also the primary somatosensory cortex lies here too

Temporal(audio, language, memory emotions, located below the frontal and parietal lobe- here lies wernicke area

Occipital (vision)- here is the primary visible cortex.

Frontal (planning, executing movement, personality) - here lies the prefrontal cortex, the moyor cirtex (located in the posterior part of the frontal lobe) here lies Broca’s area

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7
Q

Name the differences between broca’s and Wernicke’s area

A

With damage to Broca’s area you can still comprehend language but you have a hard time formulating words
Damage to wernickes area you have a hard time comprehending language but you can speak fluently although it doesn’t make much sense (e.g a scouser from Liverpool who you can’t quite understand)

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8
Q

Describe the (protection of brain and spinal chord)

A

Its called meninges
Dura mater, arachnoid, pia mater
Protects from trauma
Cerebral spinal fluid in the middle of the arachnoid

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9
Q

What neural transmitters activate in para and sympathetic nervous system

A

For para; acetylcholine x2 in pre and post ganglionic cells
For sympathetic; acethychpline and then noradrenaline

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10
Q

What is it called when a neuron fires va not firing

A

Exibatory for firing and inhibitory for not firing

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11
Q

How does a neuron work

A

It has dentrites to pick up signals
It has a soma which is the cell body
It has an axon terminal where the signal travels through
It’s wrapped in myelin sheath that strengthens and accelerates the information
At the axon terminal it fires acetylcholine to communicate with neurone b

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12
Q

What is a cluster of beuronal cell bodies outside the CNS called

A

A ganglion

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13
Q

What is the mystery of the nervous system called?

A

The black box

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14
Q

Difference between afferent and efferent neurons

A

Afferent arrives at the CNS
Efferent exits the CNS and goes to the body eg telling a muscle to contract

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15
Q

What do we find in the frontal lobe?

A

Broca’s area, essential for speech production -primary motor cortex
Prefrontal cortex

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16
Q

In the parietal lobe?

A

Primal somatosensory cortex (primal for sensing stuff)
Body perception
Spatial awareness

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17
Q

Where is wernickes area?

A

Primal temporal lobe along with primal auditory cortex

18
Q

Different fibers ?

A

Associated fibres (communicate within a target)
Commissure fibers (communicates across hemispheres )
Projected fibers (connects the brain to the lower parts of the brain and spinal chord eg thalamus or brainstem

19
Q

Two brain parts that bind the brains?

A

Corpus callosum (big) and anterior commisure(small)

20
Q

Where does processing happen and where does communication happen?

A

Grey matter processing (cell bodies and unmyrlited axons)
White matter communication ( myelinated axons that connect different parts of the brain)

21
Q

In a somatopical map why are some areas bigger? And what did brodman do?

A

Brodman divided the brain into 52 different parts of cytoarchietureal maps.
And some areas are bigger if you are more sensitive (e.g lips and fingers

22
Q

Cerebellum why do we celebrate it?

A

Because it allows us to have fine motor function and learn new motor skills eg riding a bikes also helps us coordinate

23
Q

Kanye raps medulla oblingata- when he raps he uses his what, and what goes up - and what does it also do that decarye discovered

A

He uses his breath, his heart rate and blood pressure goes up and it controls reflexes

24
Q

What means a bridge and what does it do? What does it help with?

A

The pons, - it binds the medulla oblingata and cerebellum. and it helps sleep and sensory analysis . And motor control

25
Q

Midbrain- what rhymes with brain, and what motivates you to exit itv

A

It alleviates pain, and releases dopamine

26
Q

What relays senses except smell? Like a tag selv bord

A

Thalamus - it processes all the senses

27
Q

Who put electricity in frogs? Starts with G as in frogs
Who did the skull size thing and what’s it called

A

Galvani
Gall phrenology

28
Q

What supports neurons but directly transmit

A

Glial cells

29
Q

Which systems come out of what part do the spine

A

Thoracic and lumbar has the sympathetic
And parasympathetic has the cranial and sacred parts

30
Q

What is part of the limbic system

A

Amygdala
Hippocampus
Hypothalamus

31
Q

Who described the r myelin sheath
And who was the first to describe a nerve cell in detail

A

Schwann
And purkinje

32
Q

Who identified a synapse?
Who identified neurones as single unit and with what method?

A

Sherrington

Silver staining method and it was Golgi

33
Q

Describe each laminae

A

1 2 and 4 receives sensory information
3 and 5 a crucial messengers
Laminae 6 does a bit of both - sends to the thalamus

34
Q

Name the folda of the brain

A

Sulci (small valley) fissure (big valley)
Gyri bulges

35
Q

What separates the two hemispheres?
What seperates motor and sensory areas
What seperates the temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobe?

A

Great longitudinal fissure
Central sulcus
Lateral fissure

36
Q

What is white and grey matter made of?

A

Grey matter is made of the six laminae
White matter is made of axons. White matter is made of different communicative pathways

37
Q

Who works like a keyboard and keyboard player

A

Premotor cortex is the player
Primary motor cortex is the instrument that makes the sound

38
Q

Different areas of brain and phalones

A

Telencephalon, diencephalon (thalamus, hypothalamus) forebrain
Mesencephalon ( midbrain)
Metencephalon ( pons cerebellum)
Myelencephallom) ( hindbrain- rhombencephalon

39
Q

What is difference between ans and SNS (somatic nervous system)

A

Ans is for smooth muscle (respiration, digestion)
SNS is for voluntary (walking, grabbing objects, facial expressions)

40
Q

Where does visual information go from the retina after being detected

A

Lgn lateral geniculate nucleus

Cerebral Cortex (1 decks)

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