cc Flashcards by Marvin Garrido

Which statements refer to Type 1 diabetes?

a. Results from B-cell destruction and usually diagnosed in children

b. Results from B-cell destruction and usually leads to absolute insulin
deficiency, and usually diagnosed in children

c. Usually leads to absolute
insulin deficiency and usually
diagnosed in children

d. Results from B-cell
destruction and usually leads
to absolute insulin deficiency

b. Results from B-cell
destruction and usually
leads to absolute insulin
deficiency, and usually
diagnosed in children

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Which analyte is SIGNIFICANTLY affected by a change in posture from supine to a standing position?
a. Protein
b. Calcium
c. Aldosterone
d. Magnesium

b. Calcium

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Which are causes of random
error?
(1) Temperature of analyzer
(2) Reagent dispensing
(3) Instability of instrument
(4) Calibration differences
a. 1 and 4
b. 2 and 3
c. 1, 2, 3, and 4
d. 1, 2, and 3

d. 1, 2, and 3

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Electrolytes, glucose, BUN,
Creatinine and osmolality
examinations have been
performed on a patient suspected
of ingesting ethanol. What can be done to help reveal this condition
without additional tests?
a. Determine anion gap
b. Determine glycemic index
c. Compare measured and
computed osmolality
d. Compute osmolality

c. Compare measured and
computed osmolality

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Which protein is quantified by
standard protein electrophoresis?
(1) Fibrinogen
(2) Transferrin
(3) C3
a. 1, 2, and 3
b. 1, and 2
c. 2, and 3
d. 1, and 3

c. 2, and 3

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Which of the following refer to
1(3s)?
(1) Range between two
observations in the same
run exceeds 4 SD
(2) Detects imprecision or
systematic bias
(3) Rejected and there will be
additional investigation
(4) One observation exceeds 3
SD from the target
a. 2 and 4
b. 2 and 3
c. 1 and 3
d. 3 and 4

d. 3 and 4

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Which statement is NOT true
about LH?

Acts on Leydig cells which
stimulate the production of androgens
b. Involved in the development of corpus luteum, especially in its secreting phase
c. Involved during the formation
of gametes
d. Has NO specific function
during the development of
primary sex organs

d. Has NO specific function
during the development of
primary sex organs

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Which is a pathologic cause of
increased AMS?
a. Acute abdominal disorder
b. Intestinal obstruction
c. Acute pancreatitis
d. Perforated duodenal ulcer

c. Acute pancreatitis

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Which electrolytes are essential
components in acid-base
balance?
(1) Bicarbonate
(2) Calcium
(3) Potassium
(4) Chloride
a. 1, 3 and 4
b. 1, 2, and 3
c. 1, and 4
d. And 3

a. 1, 3 and 4

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Which are acceptable dress code
policy in the laboratory?
(1) Comfortable foot wear
such as sandals and
flip-flops
(2) Clean laboratory coats
(3) Minimal use of jewelry
(4) Shoulder-length hair pulled
back and secured

a. 1 to 4
b. 2, 3, and 4
c. 1, and 2
d. 2, and 3

b. 2, 3, and 4

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Which characterizes chronic
glomerular nephritis?

(1) Slow developing disease
(2) Gradual uremia
(3) Loss of functioning
nephrons
a. 1 and 2
b. 1 and 3
c. 2 and 3
d. 1, 2, and 3

d. 1, 2, and 3

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Which illicit drug is commonly
referred to as “ecstasy”?
a. Phencyclidine
b. Cocaine
c. Opiates
d. Methylenedioxymethylamp
hetamine

d. Methylenedioxymethylamp
hetamine

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Which compares the result
obtained for one specimen with
the previous results (s) obtained
for the same patient?
a. Randomized duplicate
specimens
b. Average normals
c. Delta check
d. Pattern recognition

c. Delta check

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Which immunoassay method for
Thyroxine testing is referred to?
*fluorogenic substrate - labeled
thyroxine competing with patient
T4 for antibody only unbound,
leftover labeled T4 reacts with
enzyme to form product reaction
is directly proportional
a. Microparticle enzyme
b. Chemiluminescence
c. Fluorescent
Substrate-Labeled
Inhibition
d. Fluorescent Polarization

c. Fluorescent
Substrate-Labeled
Inhibition

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Which is MOST likely disease?
*TSH - Increased
*T4 (Total) - Increased
*FT4 - Increased
*T3 - Increased

a. Secondary hypothyroidism
b. Secondary hyperthyroidism
c. Primary hyperthyroidism
d. Primary hypothyroidism

b. Secondary hyperthyroidism

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Which inhibit growth hormone
secretion, except?
a. Glucose loading
b. Amino acids
c. Thyroxine deficiency
d. Insulin deficiency

b. Amino acids

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Which are causes of random error?
1. Sample evaporation
2. Electro-optical mechanism
3. Variation in handling techniques
4. Variation in operators
a. 1 and 2
c. 3 and 4
b. 1, 2, 3, and 4
d. 1, 3, and 4

b. 1, 2, 3, and 4

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First responders to stress by acting w/in
seconds
a. Cortisol
b. Aldosterone
c. Catecholamine
d. DHEA

c. Catecholamine

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Can yield a hydrogen ion or hydronium
ion when dissolved in water is a
a. Buffer
b. Alkali
c. Acid excess
d. Acid

d. Acid

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Lithium is a
a. CNS stimulant
b. CNS depressant
c. Hallucinogen
d. antidepressant

d. antidepressant

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Which hyponatremia is NOT caused by
increased sodium loss?
a. Potassium deficiency
b. Diuretic use
c. Renal failure
d. Severe burns

c. Renal failure

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Conveys information on hepatocellular
damage and necrosis
a. Transaminase
b. Albumin
c. Bilirubin
d. Ammonia

a. Transaminase

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Progressive drift of control values in one
direction for atleast 5 consecutive runs?
a. Shift → (one side)
b. Contraction
c. Dispersion
d. Trend

d. Trend

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Glucose measurement using the
reducing substances approach may be
erroneously higher by ___ mg/dL compared
to the enzymatic method?
a. 5-15
b. 25-30
c. 15-25
d. 10-20

a. 5-15

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Which are acute phase reactants? 1. Alpha1-acid glycoprotein 2. Alpha1-antitrypsin 3. CRP a. 2 and 3 b. 1 2 3 c. 1 and 3 d. 1 and 2

b. 1 2 3

Water balance in the body is attributed to which cation? a. Sodium b. Calcium c. Potassium d. Chloride

a. Sodium

Considered as medical emergency 1. Ketoacidosis 2. Glycosuria 3. Marked hyperkalemia a. 1 and 2 b. 1 and 3 c. 2 and 3 d. 1 2 3

b. 1 and 3

A comprehensive program in an institution in which all areas of operation are monitored to ensure quality with the aim of providing the highest quality patient care is quality a. Assessment b. Control c. Assurance d. Systems

c. Assurance

During drug administration, the spread of drug via the circulatory system to organs and tissues throughout the body is _____. A. Elimination C. Metabolism D. Distribution B. Absorption

D. Distribution

NOT attributed to polycystic ovarian syndrome [PCOS] a. Hirsutism b. Infertility c. Obesity d. myxedema

d. myxedema

The 3-day old neonate, recently discharged from a delivery suite, had inadequate protein feeding for the next 24 hours after discharge. What will be the effect on the thyroxine levels compared to normal reference ranges? a. Higher b. Indeterminate c. Nothing d. Lower

d. Lower

Positive displacement pipette: a. With no air cushion b. All of the items c. Can pipette high density samples d. Aspiration force remains constant

b. All of the items

Which is a commonly used clearance test used as a rough estimate of glomerular filtration rate? a. eGFR b. Inulin c. CKD-EPI d. Creatinine

d. Creatinine

What is the value of 200 mg/dl, glucose in mmol/L? a. 8.5 b. 10.50 c. 11.0 d. 13.75

c. 11.0

For 40 years old and above, there is moderate risk of developing coronary heart disease when cholesterol is greater than a. 240 mg/dl b. 280 mg/dl c. 200 mg/dl d. 260 mg/dl

a. 240 mg/dl

HCG kit for pregnancy uses: a. Immunochromatography b. Colorimetry c. Turbidimetry d. Electrochemistry

a. Immunochromatography

Cleaning surface with disinfectant: a. Administrative/Workplace control b. Engineering control c. PPE d. Emergency kit

a. Administrative/Workplace control

Not a physical hazard a. Ergonomic b. Noise c. Aerosol from centrifugation d. Opened shoes

c. Aerosol from centrifugation

Not included in SDS or MSDS a. Spill and disposal procedure b. Primary routes of entry c. Special information center d. Education of employees annually and catalog number

d. Education of employees annually and catalog number

___ of radiant energy emitted falls in the visible region, with most emitted as near infrared a. 10% b. 15% c. 5% d. 20%

b. 15%

Green color shows highest transmittance at a. 525 nm b. 450 nm c. 600 nm d. 750 nm

a. 525 nm

Preferred unit for reporting: a. mg/dl b. mol/L c. mmol/L d. umol/L

b. mol/L

Has a random access system? a. Continuous flow b. Centrifugal c. Discrete d. All of the above

c. Discrete

What should be done if re-centrifuging is necessary? a. Re-spin the primary tube b. Re-spin the cold centrifuge c. Transfer the serum to another tube then re-spin d. Re-spin if the tube is gel tube

c. Transfer the serum to another tube then re-spin

Violation of which rule does NOT indicate systematic error (it means random error)? a. 13s b. 41s c. 10mean d. 22s

a. 13s

The concept of treating all blood and body fluids as capable of transmitting infectious diseases is… a. Safe practice standards b. Infection control c. Universal precautions d. Safety protocol

c. Universal precautions

The gram-molecular weight of NaCl is 58.5. What is the molarity of a solution containing 75 g of NaCl per Liter? a. 1.3 b. 1.7 c. 1.0 d. 1.6

a. 1.3

The usual lipid studies require fasting for ___ hours a. 12 b. 10 c. 9 d. 6

a. 12

Which formula is used to estimate osmolality? a. Osmolality = [Na+] + [urea] + [glucose] b. Osmolality = [Na+] + [urea] + 2 x [glucose] c. Osmolality = [Na+] + 2 x [urea] + [glucose] d. Osmolality = 2 x [Na+] + [urea] + [glucose]

d. Osmolality = 2 x [Na+] + [urea] + [glucose]

Which does NOT refer to insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM)? Ito ay looking for DM 2. a. Age of onset b. Serum insulin c. None of the items d. Presence of ketone bodies

c. None of the items

Which immunoassay method for Thyroxine testing is referred to? *fluorophozelabeled thyroxine competes with patient thyroxine for antibody *antibody-bound labelled thyroxine rotates slowly, emitting lower energy light *reactions are inversely proportional a. Microparticle enzyme b. Fluorescent polarization c. Fluorescent substrate-labeled inhibition d. Chemiluminescence

b. Fluorescent polarization

Which measurement of uric acid lacks specificity and has problems with turbidity? a. Colorimetric : endpoint b. Colorimetric : kinetic c. Enzymatic : UV d. Enzymatic : H2O2

a. Colorimetric : endpoint

Which are considered when interpreting ABGs in the clinical setting? (1) Acid-base status (2) Alveolar ventilation (3) Oxygenation status and O2 transport (4) Carboxyhemoglobin a. 1, 2, and 3 b. 1, 2, 3, and 4 c. 2, 3, and 4 d. 1 and 3

a. 1, 2, and 3

Which is necessary for enzyme activity? a. Coenzymes b. Cofactors c. Activators d. Isoenzymes

b. Cofactors

Which are causes of pseudohyperkalemia? (1) In-vitro hemolysis (2) Thrombocytosis (3) Prolonged tourniquet use (4) Excessive fist clenching a. 1, 2, 3, and 4 b. 1, 3, and 4 c. 1 and 2 d. 3 and 4

a. 1, 2, 3, and 4

It interferes with protein sulfhydryl (keyword) group in protein coenzymes, reduces oxidative phosphorylation and ATP production. Which metal is referred to? a. Mercury b. Lead c. Iron d. Arsenic

d. Arsenic

Practice of safety in the laboratory involves… a. The heads and supervisors only b. Laboratory aides handling the laboratory wastes c. Everyone working in the laboratory d. The medical technologists doing the tests

c. Everyone working in the laboratory

Which immunoassay method for Thyroxine testing is referred to? *peroxidase-labeled antibody binds with patient hormone (antigen form complex) (similar to ELISA) *addition of acridium esters substrate forms an oxidized product that emits light (keyword) for short time a. Fluorescent substrate-labeled inhibition b. Microparticle enzyme c. Chemiluminescence d. Fluorescent polarization

c. Chemiluminescence

Which of the following is the result of urea being reabsorbed into the circulation due to obstruction? a. None of the items b. Post-renal azotemia c. Prerenal azotemia d. Renal azotemia

b. Post-renal azotemia

Which condition shows a low A/G ratio? a. Multiple myeloma, cirrhosis and nephrotic syndrome b. Nephrotic syndrome c. Multiple myeloma and cirrhosis d. Cirrhosis

a. Multiple myeloma, cirrhosis and nephrotic syndrome

If blood was collected using an anticoagulant, how would the volume of plasma be usually described compared to blood collected without the anticoagulant and serum is obtained instead? a. Same b. Greater c. Indeterminate d. Lower

b. Greater

Which does not refer to neonatal primary hypothyroidism? a. Growth deficiency b. Mental retardation c. Thyroiditis d. Cretinism

c. Thyroiditis

The needle gauge used in pediatric venipuncture is: a. 20 b. 23 c. 21 d. 19

b. 23

Which class of enzymes catalyze structural shifts in a molecule, causing a change in ____ a. Isomerases b. Ligases c. Transferases d. Oxidoreductases

a. Isomerases

Which are antiasthmatic drugs? (1) Theophylline (2) Theobromine (3) Digoxin (4) Lithium a. 2 and 4 b. 3 and 4 c. 1 and 3 d. 1 and 2

d. 1 and 2

BUN will be significantly increased when GFR is decreased by at least ___ % a. 25 b. 100 c. 50 d. 75

c. 50

When compared with circulating T3, levels of T4 are a. The same b. Variable c. Lower d. Higher

d. Higher

Which condition causes cardiac arrest and can occur in the absence of any warning clinical symptoms? a. Hyponatremia b. Hypokalemia c. Hypernatremia d. Hyperkalemia

d. Hyperkalemia

What is the effect on draw volume if evacuated tubes are stored at high temperature? a. Decrease b. None c. Indeterminate d. Increase

a. Decrease

In the H-H equation, the numerator denotes the _____ function? a. Liver b. Heart c. Kidney d. Lung

c. Kidney

Hypernatremia is defined as a serum/plasma sodium level greater than ___ mmol/L? a. 150 b. 160 c. 142 d. 155

a. 150

What type of fire extinguisher may be used on a computer? a. Halon b. Dry chemical c. Carbon dioxide d. Pressurized water

a. Halon

Which is the steroid hormone produced by the corpus luteum and placenta that prepares the endometrium for blastocyst implantation and maintains pregnancy? a. Progesterone b. Estriol c. hPL d. hCG

a. Progesterone

It is visually detected in the Standing Plasma Test as a floating cream layer. Which lipoprotein is present? a. VLDL b. LDL c. HDL d. Chylomicrons

d. Chylomicrons

Which analytic techniques do NOT measure the concentration of solute particles in a solution? 1. Osmometry 2. Fluorometry 3. Turbidimetry 4. Nephelometry a. 1, 3, and 4 b. 2 and 4 c. 2, 3 and 4 d. 1 and 3

c. 2, 3 and 4

The formula below is used to compute for _____ expressed in mg/dL [Total Cholesterol-HDL] - [Triglycerides/5] a. LDL b. VLDL c. IDL d. Lp (a)

a. LDL

Which is NOT a hazard associated with the use of liquid nitrogen? a. Shock b. Thermal burns c. Explosions d. Asphyxiation

a. Shock

Which analyte is affected by diurnal variation? a. Thyroxine b. Iron c. Calcium d. Cholesterol

b. Iron

Which is a major waste product of the protein catabolism? a. Creatinine b. Urea c. Ammonia d. Uric acid

b. Urea

Which is NOT a catabolite of protein and nucleic acid metabolism? a. Urea b. Glucose c. Uric acid d. Creatinine

d. Creatinine

Which statistical calculation indicate the extent of variation of the observations? 1. Mode 2. Range 3. Variance 4. Standard deviation a. 2, 3 and 4 b. 2 and 3 c. 1, 2, and 3 d. 1 and 4

a. 2, 3 and 4

Which is a major protein constituent of LDL? a. ApoD b. ApoB c. ApoC d. ApoA

b. ApoB

Using the cutoff points for serum cholesterol, which are group, expressed in years, matches the levels of risk for developing coronary heart disease? *Moderate risk if cholesterol is greater than 240 mg/dL *High risk if cholesterol is greater than 260 mg/dL a. 40 and over b. 30-39 c. 20-29 d. 2-19

a. 40 and over

Enzymes are involved in which of the following processes? 1. Anabolism 2. Catabolism 3. Energy generation a. 1, 2 and 3 b. 2 and 3 c. 1 and 2 d. 1 and 3

a. 1, 2 and 3

Which statement about chronic toxicity is NOT correct? a. Toxic effect: always severe b. Frequency of exposure: repeated c. Dose: insufficient to cause an immediate response d. Duration of exposure: extended periods

a. Toxic effect: always severe

Which performance characteristics of laboratory test are more relevant for diagnosis of disease and therapeutic Monitoring? a. Specificity and Precision b. Sensitivity and Specificity c. Sensitivity and Accuracy d. Accuracy and Precision

b. Sensitivity and Specificity