CC 1-3

Question 1

Aetiology

Answer 1

The diagnostic cause for a particular problem.

Question 2

Test Sensitivity

Answer 2

The degree to which a test has false negatives.

A high sensitivity has a low rate of false negatives.

Question 3

Test Specificity

Answer 3

The degree to which a test has false positives.

A high specificity has a low rate of false positives.

Question 4

Test accuracy

Answer 4

a test is said to be accurate when it is close to true zero–close to the target but not necessarily precise.

Question 5

Test precision

Answer 5

a test is precise when repeated analysis gives similar results. Not necessarily accurate.

Question 6

Otosocopy

Answer 6

Look in ear drum

Question 7

Fundoscopy

Answer 7

Look at back of eye

Question 8

Laboratory sample types. Eg blood

Answer 8

blood, sputum, urine, stool, cerebrospinal fluid, aspirate, tissue.

Question 9

NKDA

Answer 9

No known drug allergies

Question 10

Components of clinical history

Answer 10

History of presenting complaint
Medical/surgical history
      Medications
      Allergy status
Social history
Family history
Systems Review

Question 11

History of presenting complaint

Answer 11

• Discuss each symptom individually and in detail.
  - Ascertain the most relevant symptom.
• Create timeline of events.
  - Any similar previous incidents?
• Pain?
• Functional compromise?
• Exacerbated/relieving conditions
• Summarize the information gained to see if there is anything missing.

Question 12

SOCRATES

Answer 12

Used to assess pain.

Site, onset, characterization, radiation, associated symptoms, timing, exacerbated/relieving conditions, severity.

Question 13

Medical History

Answer 13

• Any history of the presenting complaint?
• Any medications for presenting complaint?
• Currently taking any medications, over counter, supplements?
  - HRT?
• Any previous surgery or blood transfusions?
• Menopause for women?
• Allergies? Allergies to meds?
• Sexual history if relevant.

Question 14

Social history

Answer 14

• occupation
• family history
• physical activity
• nutrition
• marital status
• dependents
• housing
• social support
• Illicit drugs, alcohol, smoking
• travels

Question 15

Family history

Answer 15

Partent, sibling children.

- Are they alive?
- Any illnesses?
- What age did they pass away

Question 16

Systems review

Answer 16

Cardiovascular
respiratory
gastrointestinal
genitourinary
haematological
musculoskeletal
endocrine
reproductive
neurological

Question 17

Clinical exam

Answer 17

Look
Touch
Feel
Listen

Move in stepwise approach, moving up arms, neck, face, and eventually to region in which you are examining.

Question 18

Order of management strategies

Answer 18

Conservative
Moderate
Surgical

Question 19

Opening Statement

Answer 19

Name, age, gender, occupation, where he/she is from, presenting complaint, duration.

Question 20

FBC

Answer 20

Full Blood Count

Question 21

CAGE

Answer 21

Have you ever felt you needed to Cut down on your drinking?
Have people Annoyed you by criticizing your drinking?
Have you ever felt Guilty about drinking?
Have you ever felt you needed a drink first thing in the morning (Eye-opener) to steady your nerves or to get rid of a hangover?