CBT Theory Flashcards
What is the CBT theory of change?
Change occurs by learning to modify dysfunctional thought patterns. Once a patient understands the relationship between thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, s/he is able to modify or change the patterns of thinking to cope with stressors in a more positive manner.
CBT Role of the therapist?
The therapist… is a collaborative teacher who uses structured learning experiences that teach patients to monitor and write down their neg thoughts and mental images. The goal is to recognize how those ideas affect their mood, behavior, and physical condition.
…teach important coping skills, such as problem solving and scheduling pleasurable experiences.
…creates structured sessions and provides homework for clients to continue to work on problems in-between visits.
What are the treatment goals in Cognitive Behavioral Therapy?
Patients learn to recognize negative patterns of thought, evaluate their validity, and replace them with healthier ways of thinking.
Patients symptoms or problems are relieved.
Patient develops positive coping skills and strategies.
CBT Main concept:
Negative Cognitive Triad
- View of self (I’m not worth anything)
- View of the world (Everybody hates me)
- View of prospects for the future (There are no hopes for my future)
CBT Main concept:
Automatic Thoughts
Thoughts about ourselves or others that individuals are often not aware of and thus are not assessed for accuracy or relevancy.
CBT Main concept:
Maladaptive Automatic Thoughts
These are automatic thoughts that are typically centered on negative themes or distorted reflections that are accepted as true.
CBT Main concept:
Schemas
A network of rules or templates for information processing that are shaped by developmental influences and other life experiences. These rules dictate how individuals think about and interpret the world and play a role in regulating self-worth and coping skills.
Changing schemas is a major target of CBT.
CBT Main concept:
Overgeneralization
Single negative event is seen as a never-ending pattern of defeat. One mistake leads to “I never do anything right”
CBT Main concept:
Arbitrary Inference
Cognitive distortion that leads to drawing conclusions without evidence or facts to support those conclusions.
CBT Main concept:
Selective Abstraction
Attending to detail while ignoring total context. Taking detail out of context and missing the totality of the situation.
CBT Main concept:
Personalization
Seeing yourself as a cause of negative external event.
CBT Main concept:
Polarized Thinking
Thinking in extremes, viewing things as black or white.
CBT interventions:
Teach the client about
Negative Triad
View of self
View of world
View of prospects for the future
CBT interventions:
Socratic Questioning
Questioning allows the therapist to stimulate the client’s self-awareness, focus in on the problem definition, expose the clients belief system, and challenge irrational beliefs while revealing the clients cognitive processes.
CBT interventions:
Reframing
Thinking differently by “reframing” negative or untrue assumptions and thoughts into ones that promote adaptive behavior and lessen anxiety.
CBT interventions:
Cognitive Retructuring
Teaches client to identify irrational, distorted, or maladaptive beliefs, question the evidence for the belief, and generate alternative responses.
CBT interventions:
Homework
To assist with cognitive restructuring, clients are often assigned homework. Typical CBT homework assignments may include activities in behavioral activation, monitoring automatic thoughts, reviewing the previous therapy session, and preparing for the next therapy session.
CBT interventions:
Self- Monitoring
Also called diary work, self-monitoring is used to record the amount and degree of thoughts and behaviors. This provides the client and therapist information regarding the degree of a clients negative affirmations.
CBT interventions:
Behavioral Experiments
The experiment process includes experiencing, observing, reflecting, and planning. These steps are conducted through thought testing, discovery, activity, and/or observation.
CBT interventions:
Systematic Desensitization
…pairs relaxation with exposure to something stressful. Clients are taught to relax in anxiety producing situations.
CBT interventions:
Anxiety Management Training
Teaches skills for specific situations using imagery. The client practices relaxation until anxiety is reduced then continues with imagery.
CBT interventions:
Assertiveness Training
Teaches client to specify desires and needs using minimally effective responses to assert their position. Used with unassertive or overly aggressive clients.
CBT interventions:
Behavioral Activation
Increases activity for depressed or passive clients by using activity scheduling and incentives.
CBT interventions:
Communication Skills Training
Used in couples therapy to help couples talk about feelings and problems.
CBT interventions:
Downward Arrow
Used to uncover underlying assumptions. “If this is true, what does it mean bout you and your life?”
CBT interventions:
Exposure
Client faces fear stimuli without resorting to escape or avoidance maneuvers. Can be done in real life or with imagery.
CBT interventions:
Finding Alternatives
Clients review all possible options and alternatives for either interpreting a situation or resolving a problem.
CBT interventions:
Labeling Distortions
Teaches client to recognize and label particular distortions in thinking that can lead to problems with interpretations of events.
CBT interventions:
Mastery/Pleasure Ratings
Clients use activity chart and rates mastery or pleasure that they derive from activity.
CBT interventions:
Opposite Action
Client is encouraged to engage in behavior that is counterintuitive or opposite to what she or he may feel at time ( e.g., when feeling very angry say something kind or decent)
CBT interventions:
Problem-Solving Training
Teaches a step approach of orienting to the problem, problem definition, generation of alternatives, decision making and solution implementation and verification of results.
CBT interventions:
Relaxation Training
Teaches client to relax muscles to condition a relaxation response to counter tension. Uses imagery, music, and other stimuli to assist in acquiring response.
CBT interventions:
Successive Approximation
Client and therapist collaborate in developing a plan for the client to engage in steps that approximate an ultimate goal, to allow the client to have success at each step along the way to the goal.
CBT interventions:
Three Column Technique
Client collects automatic thoughts and lists the situation in which the thought occurred, the automatic thought, and the associated feelings.
CBT interventions:
Thought Record
Expands on the three column technique, with columns to record alternative responses to the automatic thought and behavioral or emotional outcomes of changing the thought.
CBT Phases of Treatment:
Beginning
Establish safe and supportive therapeutic relationship; Complete a functional analysis to assess and define the problem and negative thought patterns; Educate and explain CBT; Set collaborative goals
CBT interventions:
Middle
Identify negative thought patterns; uncover negative schemas; assign homework to self-monitor thoughts and moods and behaviors; label cognitive distortions; reframe thoughts; learn and practice new skills and behaviors.
CBT interventions:
End
Review gains; identify skills learned; rehearse for new situations; anticipate future struggles.
