CBT Flashcards
What are common factors most associated with good outcomes in psychotherapy?
Therapeutic relationship Empathy Collaboration Collecting and giving feedback Positive regard and affirmation Goal consensus
Who is the founder of CBT? When?
Aaron Beck, early 1960s
In context of depression, how is CBT indicated according to CANMAT guidelines?
1st line for acute treatment
1st line for maintenance treatment
2nd line for acute treatment for telephone-delivered CBT
In context of bipolar disorder, how is it indicated according to CANMAT guidelines 2018?
2nd line for depressive phase
2nd line for maintenance phase
In context of specific phobia, how is CBT indicated according to Canadian Anxiety Guidelines 2014?
1st line, gold standard
Better than medication
Exposure-based treatment
In context of panic disorder, how is CBT indicated according to Canadian Anxiety Guidelines 2014?
1st line, CBT with interoceptive exposure
Acute phase combo > CBT alone
In context of social anxiety disorder, how is CBT indicated according to Canadian Anxiety Guidelines 2014?
1st line
Meds = CBT
In context of GAD, how is CBT indicated according to Canadian Anxiety Guidelines 2014?
1st line
Meds = CBT
No improvement with combo
In context of OCD, how is CBT indicated according to Canadian Anxiety Guidelines 2014?
1st line
CBT with exposure response prevention
CBT = or > meds
In context of PTSD, how is CBT indicated according to Canadian Anxiety Guidelines 2014?
TF-CBT, including CBT with exposure
In context of schizophrenia, how is CBT indicated according to Canadian Schizophrenia Guidelines 2017?
For all patients who have residual symptoms despite medication treatment
Can be initial, acute, or recovery phase
What is systematic desensitization?
A person overcomes maladaptive anxiety by approaching the feared situation gradually in a state of relaxation that inhibits anxiety.
Also called reciprocal inhibition.
Usually in imagined situations.
What are the steps of systematic desensitization?
- Relaxation training
- Hierarchy construction
- Desensitization of stimulus
What is flooding?
Patient placed in situation they fear the MOST, not necessarily applying relaxation methods.
Trying to achieve: Extinction
What is interoceptive exposure?
Trying to recreate unpleasant bodily sensations in panic disorder
What is exposure response prevention?
For exposure to produce extinction, avoidance behaviours that reduce fear must be prevented.
What is contingency management?
Patients are rewarded [or punished] according to a formalized
set of pre-arranged [contracted] rules.
May be used in SUD.
What are some other behavioural interventions?
Relaxation training Behavioural activation Pleasurable events scheduling Graded task assignment Problem-solving therapy Social skills training Assertive skills training Communication skills training Habit reversal (trichotillomania, tic disorder)
What is Beck’s Cognitive Triad?
- Self (is worthless)
- World (is unfair)
- Future (is hopeless)
What are the propositions that CBT Theory is based on?
- Access hypothesis (thoughts are accessible and modifiable)
- Mediation hypothesis (our thoughts mediate our feelings and behaviour)
- Change hypothesis (we can change our thinking)
What is the cognitive hierarchy?
Core beliefs -> Intermediate beliefs -> situations -> automatic thoughts -> reactions
Who is appropriate for CBT?
- Accessibility of automatic thoughts
- Awareness and differentiation of emotions
- Acceptance of personal responsibility for change
- Compatibility with cognitive rationale
- Alliance potential: in session evidence
- Alliance potential: out of session evidence including previous therapy
- Chronicity of problems
- Security operations
- Focality
- General optimism regarding therapy
What are the 12 therapeutic factors of group therapy?
- Instillation of Hope: Members recognize other member’s improvement and develop optimism for their own improvement.
- Universality: Members realize that they are not alone in their feelings, impulses, thoughts, and problems.
- Imparting information: Education and advice provided by the group members and therapist.
- Altruism: Members boost their self-esteem and sense of value and significance by helping other group members.
- Corrective recapitulation of primary family experience: the opportunity to re-enact family dynamics within the safety and corrective manner of a group setting
- Development of socializing techniques: provides an environment for group members to have social development, tolerance, empathy, and other interpersonal skills.
- Imitative behavior: group members expand their own knowledge and skills by observing other member’s self-exploration, working through, and personal development
- Interpersonal learning:
Input: members gain personal insight about their interpersonal impact through feedback provided by other members
Output: members provide an environment that allows members to interact in a more adaptive manner and practice new skills. - Cohesiveness: gives members a sense of trust, acceptance, belonging, and security.
- Catharsis: members release strong feelings or suppressed emotions about past or present experiences
- Existential factors: members accept responsibility for their life decisions – by living ‘existentially’, members learn how to accept responsibility without escaping from them.
- Self-understanding: members gain insight into psychological motivation underlying behaviour and emotional reactions
