CBM - Measles Flashcards
1
Q
Measles
Clinical Presentation
A
- Incubation period: 8-10 days
- Prodrome phase- 2-8 days
- Fever– 38.3C or above
- 3Cs
- COUGH
- CONJUNCTIVITIS
- CORYZA
2
Q
Measles
Specific Diagnostic Signs
A
Koplick Spots:
On the buccal mucosa (often across molars) and throat, Usually seen 48 hours before rash.
Maculopapular Rash
Starts on face, spreads to trunk and usually spares palms and soles.
Rash
associated with Cytotoxic T cells targeting infected endothelial cells in small blood vessels
3
Q
Measles
The Rash
A
Diagnosis based
on serology where measles antibodies can be found in the blood serum.
MMR
vaccine involves a live attenuated virus with a 90% efficacy rate. Given at 12-15 months and 4-6 years old.
4
Q
Mumps
A
- Symptoms appear 2-3 weeks after exposure and include fever, headache and vomiting
- Typically causes swelling of the parotid salivary glands which can lead to trismus and earache
- Complications include encephalitis and meningitis (4-6%). As well as orchitis and epididymitis in adult males.
- Patient remains infectious until swelling disappears.
- Diagnosis based on serology where mumps antibodies can be found in the blood serum.
- MMR vaccine gives 90 % protection against Mumps
5
Q
Rubella
German Measles
A
- Spread via airborne droplets.
- Less severe form of the measles virus
- Symptoms include headache, sore throat, enlarged lymph nodes and mild fever.
- A rash of minute pink spots starts on the face and then spreads to the neck and the rest of the body. The spots disappear after about a week, but the patient remains infectious for another 3-4 days.
- The virus can have devastating effects during pregnancy. The virus may affect all foetal organs and lead to serious birth defects, such as learning disabilities, retardation of intrauterine growth, and inflammatory lesions of the brain, lungs, liver, and bone marrow.
- Diagnosis based on serology where Rubella antibodies can be found in the blood serum.
- MMR vaccine gives 95 % protection against Mumps
