CBL 1 Flashcards
What is Dupuytaren’s contracture associated with?
Nutritional deficiency, Alcoholism, Diabetes
Dupuytaren’s contracture is a condition that affects the hand, causing the fingers to bend towards the palm.
What conditions can cause macroglossia?
Myxedema, Acromegaly, Amyloidosis, Down Syndrome
Macroglossia refers to an enlarged tongue.
What is strawberry tongue commonly associated with?
Scarlet fever
Strawberry tongue is characterized by a red and bumpy appearance of the tongue.
What can cause leukoplakia?
Chronic irritation
Leukoplakia appears as white patches in the mouth and can be a sign of underlying health issues.
What are common causes of glossitis?
Acid reflux, Iron deficiency, Dry mouth
Glossitis is the inflammation of the tongue.
What conditions can lead to scrotal tongue?
Down syndrome, Malnutrition
Scrotal tongue is characterized by fissures and grooves on the surface of the tongue.
What are the causes of angular stomatitis?
Iron deficiency, Vitamin B12 deficiency
Angular stomatitis involves cracks or sores at the corners of the mouth.
What can cause oral ulcers?
SLE, HIV, Crohn’s disease
Oral ulcers are painful sores that can occur in the mouth.
What are the causes of saddle nose?
Congenital, Trauma, Wegner’s granuloma
Saddle nose deformity is characterized by a dip in the bridge of the nose.
What can cause sub-conjunctival hemorrhage?
Violent coughing, Powerful sneezing, Trauma
Sub-conjunctival hemorrhage is bleeding underneath the conjunctiva of the eye.
What does xanthelasma indicate?
Hypercholesterolemia
Xanthelasma presents as yellowish patches on the eyelids.
What can cause epistaxis?
Local nasal trauma, Generalized bleeding disorders
Epistaxis is the medical term for nosebleeds.
What are the causes of clubbing?
Suppurative lung disease, COPD, Fallot’s triad
Clubbing refers to the enlargement of the fingertips and toes.
What can cause brittle nails?
Iron deficiency, Hypothyroidism
Brittle nails are prone to breakage and can indicate nutritional deficiencies.
What causes Beau’s lines in nails?
Malnutrition, Shock
Beau’s lines are horizontal lines that appear across the nails.
What can lead to palmar erythema?
LCF, Alcohol, Thyrotoxicosis
Palmar erythema is characterized by redness of the palms.
What are potential causes of vitiligo?
Autoimmune disorders, Genetic factors
Vitiligo is a condition that causes loss of skin color in patches.
What can cause yellow nails?
Nicotine stain, Yellow nail syndrome
Yellow nails can be a sign of respiratory issues or other health conditions.
What can cause splinter hemorrhage?
Infective endocarditis, Trauma
Splinter hemorrhages appear as small red or brown streaks under the nails.
What can cause nail spooning (koilonychia)?
Iron deficiency
Nail spooning is characterized by nails that curve upward at the edges.
What is onychomycosis?
Fungal infection
Onychomycosis is a fungal infection of the nails.
What can cause Kayser-Fleisher ring?
Wilson’s disease
Kayser-Fleisher rings are deposits of copper in the cornea.
What can lead to facial plethora?
Cushing disease, Carcinoid syndrome, SVC obstruction, Rosacea
Facial plethora is the appearance of flushed, reddened skin on the face.
What is the characteristic facies of Cushing syndrome?
Moon facies
Cushing syndrome results from excessive cortisol levels.
What can cause malar rash?
SLE, Mitral stenosis, Acromegaly, Down syndrome
Malar rash is a butterfly-shaped rash across the cheeks and nose.
What is the normal range for urea?
2.5 to 6.6 mmol/L
What is the normal range for creatinine?
0.68 to 1.36 mg/dL
What is the normal range for serum cholesterol?
200 to 350 mg/dL
What is the normal range for triglycerides?
70 to 150 mg/dL
What is the typical blood pressure in malignant hypertension?
Above 180/120 mmHg
What are some symptoms of malignant hypertension?
- Blurred vision
- Chest pain (angina)
- Difficulty breathing
- Dizziness
- Numbness in the arms, legs, and face
- Severe headache
- Shortness of breath
Fill in the blank: Patients with malignant hypertension may experience _______.
[blurred vision]
True or False: Malignant hypertension is not considered a medical emergency.
False
