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S3B4 Pathology > CBC with Intro to Anemia > Flashcards

CBC with Intro to Anemia Flashcards

1
Q

CBC is done with what type of blood? Tub color?

A

EDTA-anticoagulated whole blood

purple tube

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2
Q

What cell types are counted in a CBC?

A
  • white blood cells (WBC)
  • Red blood cells (RBC)
  • platelets = thrombocytes
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3
Q

What are the RBC Indices?

A
  • Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)
  • mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
  • Red cell distribution width (RDW)
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4
Q

What are the components of a CBC?

A
  • WBC count
  • Automated differential
  • Absolute individual leukocyte counts
  • RBC count (RBC)
  • Platelet count (PLT)
  • Hemoglobin (HGB)
  • Hematocrit (HCT)
  • Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
  • RBC Indices
  • Mean Platelet Volume (MPV)
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5
Q

What cell types are included in the leukocyte differential?

A
  • granulocytes
    • neutrophils
    • bands
    • immature precursors
  • lymphocytes
  • monocytes
  • eosinophils
  • basophils
  • other
    • blasts
    • unclassified cells
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6
Q

What is the difference between the differential cell count vs absolute cell count?

A

differential is like percentages = relative numbers

absolute WBC are what matter

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7
Q

What are the differences between automated vs manual differentials?

A
  • Automated
    • count thousands of cells
    • highly accurate with normal WBC
    • no band counts
  • Manual
    • count 100 cells
    • less accurate than medicine
    • best for abnormal WBC morphology
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8
Q

What suffix indicate an increase in WBC?

A
  • cytosis
  • philia
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9
Q

What suffix indicate an decrease in WBC?

A

-penia

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10
Q

What word means increased platelets?

A

thrombocytosis (thrombocytothemia)

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11
Q

What word means decreased platelets?

A

thrombocytopenia

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12
Q

What word means increased RBCs?

A

polycythemia

erythrocytosis

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13
Q

What word means decreased RBC?

A

anemia

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14
Q

The CBC gives you what value for hemoglobin? It is measured in what units?

A

total hemoglobin in a given unit of blood (not per cell)

g/dL

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15
Q

Hemoglobin value can be artificially changed by what variable? influenced by

A

improper venipuncture

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16
Q

What is hematocrit & how is it measured?

A

“packed cell volume”

the volume percentage of RBC in whole blood

measured in %

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17
Q

What is mean cellular volume & what unit is it measured in?

A

average size of RBC in a sample of blood

measured in femtoliters

18
Q

What is Mean Cellular Hemoglobin (MCH)& what unit is it measured in?

A

the weight (mass) of hemoglobin in the average WBC

measured in picograms

18
Q

What numbers determine microcytic, normocytic & macrocytic sizes of RBC?

A
19
Q

How is Mean Cellular Hemoglobin (MCH) measured?

A

calculated from the Hgb concentration and the RBC count

20
Q

What is Mean Cellular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) and what units is it measured in?

A

the concentration of hemoglobin in the average RBC

measured in g/dL

21
Q

How do you calculate Mean cellular hemoglobin concentration?

A

calculated from the Hgb and Hct

22
Q

How would you describe cells with low MCHC?

A

hypochromic cells; increased central pallor on smear

23
Q

What information does the Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) tell you?

A

measure of variation in size of the erythrocytes in a sample

the higher the RDW, the more variation in RBC size

24
Q

What are the 2 ways to measure RDW?

A
  1. RDW standard deviation (RDW-SD), reported in fL
  2. RDW coefficient of variation (RDW-CV), reported in %
25
Q

What is the mean platelet volume (MPV) and what unit is it measured in?

A

measure of the average size of the platelets; indirect measure of the “age” of platelets

fL

26
Q

MPV is analogous to what erythrocyte measurement?

A

MCV

27
Q

What is the difference between absolute anemia & relative anemia?

A
  • absolute anemia (true)
    • decreased red blood cell mass
  • relative anemia
    • due to increased plasma volume
28
Q

What types of situations create relative anemia?

A

pregnancy

excessive hydration

macroglobinemia

29
Q

What are the universal signs of anemia regardless of the type?

A

pale

shortness of breath

heart palpitations

weakness

30
Q

What are the 3 general causes of anemia?

A

blood loss (acute or chronic)

red blood cell destruction (intracorpuscular or extracorpuscular)

insufficient production (nutritional deficiency or bone marrow suppression)

31
Q

What are iron disorders that cause anemia? What kind of anemia?

A

microcytic hypochromic anemia

iron deficiency

chronic disease

neoplasia

32
Q

Other than disorders of iron metabolism, what are the other three causes of microcytic hypochromic anemia?

A

disorders of heme synthesis (sideroblastic anemia)

disorders of globin synthesis (thalassemia)

fragmentation hemolysis

33
Q

What are the causes of macrocytic anemia with normal RDW?

A

myelodysplastic neoplasms

aplastic anemia

34
Q

What are the causes of macrocytic anemia with high RDW?

A

folate, vitamin B12, or copper deficiency

medication effect

alcohol abuse

liver disease

hypothyroidism

autoimmune hemolytic anemia

35
Q

What are the causes of macrocytic anemia with high RDW?

A

folate, vitamin B12, or copper deficiency

medication effect

alcohol abuse

liver disease

hypothyroidism

autoimmune hemolytic anemia

36
Q

Spherocytes are most commonly seen in what type of anemia?

A

hemolytic anemias

37
Q

Schistocytes are most commonly seen in what type of anemia?

A

microangiopathic hemolytic anemia

38
Q

What are the terms to indicate if the bone marrow is producing immature red blood cells & if this is related to anemia?

A

hyperproliferative (hemolytic anemia)

hypoproliferative (chronic disease)

39
Q

What is the term for variation in size of red blood cells?

A

anisocytosis

40
Q

What is the term for variation in shape of red blood cells?

A

poikilocytosis

41
Q

What is the term for variation in size & shape of red blood cells?

A

anisopoikilocytosis

S3B4 Pathology (6 decks)

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