Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Radiology > CBC w/diff > Flashcards

CBC w/diff Flashcards

1
Q

Why get a CBC?

A
  • Palor or jaundice
  • Fever or enlarged lymphnodes
  • Bleeding or bruising
  • Enlarged liver or spleen
  • Infections
  • Fatigue or weight loss
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

RBC

A
  • Number of red blood cells per volume of blood
  • primary function is to carry O2 from lungs to tissues, and transfer CO2 from the tissues to lungs
  • through RBC you can determine anemia and polycythemia.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Hematocrit (Hct)

A

Measures RBC mass
Anemia: <42% (m); <36% (f)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

HCT Critical Values

A

<20% = cardiac failure
>60% = spontaneous clotting of blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Hgb

A
  • Main component of RBCs, transports oxygen and carbon dioxide
    Anemia: <13g/dL (m), <12g/dL (f)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

HGB inc levels

A

Polycythemia Vera
CHF
COPD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

HGB Critical value

A

<5g/dL leads to heart failure and death
>20g/dL leads to hemoconcentration and clogging of capillaries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

A

In presence of low Hgb and Hct, anemia can be classified according to MCV (RBC size)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

MCV indicates whether the RBC is;

A
  • Normal size (normocytic 82-98 fl)
  • Too small (microcytic <80 fl)
  • Too big (macrocytic >100 fl)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

MCHC and MCH (color of the Hgb)

A

Mchc (32 - 36 grams/deciliter)
Most valuable in monitoring therapy of anemia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

A
  • Measures the average concentration of Hgb in the RBC
  • Hypochromic < 30
    -*Iron deficiency, blood loss
  • Hyperchromic >37
    *Heredity and newborns

Higher MCHC in newborns

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Mch (Mean corpuscular hemoglobin)

A

(26 - 34 pg)
Weight of hemoglobin in RBC
MCH <27: hypochromic anemia
Associated with microcytic anemia
MCH within normal range: normochromic anemia

*Associated with the color of the RBC

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

MCH >31

A

hyperchromic anemia
Associated with macrocytic anemia (pernicious anemia)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

RDW

A
  • Index of variation of the size of the RBC
  • Earliest indicator of microcytic or macrocytic anemia
  • When increased it mean the new cells differ in size when compared to the older ones
  • When elevated, indicates vitamin deficiency
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

WBC (leukocytes) Composed of

A

Eosinophils **
Neutrophils**
Basophils
Monocytes **
Lymphocytes
**Phagocytes defend the body through invasion **
- Protect the body against the infection and distribute antibodies for immunity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Leukocytes

A

(4.5-10.5)
Traditional WBC

<500/mm 3 is extremely dangerous and often fatal

17
Q

Leukocytosis

A

WBC > 10,800 /mm3
>30,000 critical value
- Occurs in acute infection & other causes
- Develops over 4-8 hours as the body speeds neutrophil production to destroy bacteria

18
Q

Leukopenia

A
  • WBC <4,5000/mm3
  • <2000 critical value
  • Decreased production or increased destruction of WBC
  • Radiation / chemotherapy
  • Review patient medications and history to detect potential cause of bone marrow suppression
19
Q

Neutrophilia

A

Increased segmented neutrophils and bands
More immature cells released (left sided shift)
- Acute = response in 4-24 hours
Chronic: stimulated by persistent inflammation or infection; can last days/ weeks

20
Q

Neutropenia Causes

A

Decreased neutrophils
- severe sepsis (losing battle)
Viral (hepatitis A, mono),
autoimmune conditions (Lupus)
Bone marrow suppression or exhaustion
Starvation
anemia

21
Q

Drugs cause Neutropenia

A

NSAIDs, antimicrobials, TCAs, cimetidine, allopurinol, diuretics

22
Q

Eosinophils (1-4%) Eosiniophilia

A

increased eosinophils
- Responsible for phagocytosis later in inflammation process.
- Release histamines during allergic reaction
- Masked by steroid use; Varies with time of day

23
Q

Eosinophilia Causes

A

Allergies, hay fever, asthma
parasitic disease
Subacute infection
Addison’s disease (insufficient cortisol production from the adrenal glands)

24
Q

Eosinopenia

A

decreased eosinophils
Note: Few normally circulate so a periodic lack of eosinophils on the differential is normal

25
Q

Eosinopenia Causes

A
  • Mononucleosis
  • Heart failure
  • Stress
    Medications: Epinephrine, Thyroxine
26
Q

Basophils (0-1%) (used to study chronic inflammation) basophilia

A

increased basophils
Contain; heparin, serotonin, histamine
Phagocytic
– Note: Follow in setting of allergic reaction

27
Q

Basopenia

A

decreased basophils
Note: Few normally circulate so a periodic lack of basophils on the differential is normal

28
Q

Monocytes: Monocytosis:

A

increased monocytes
Largest cells and second line of defense
Note: Occurs when recovering from acute infection
Produce an antiviral called interferon.

29
Q

Monocytopenia

A

decreased monocytes
- not usually significant if other indices are not affected
Causes
- Glucocorticosteroids
- Aplastic anemia

30
Q

Lymphocytes: Lymphocytosis:

A
  • increased lymphocytes
  • Migrate to areas of inflammation in early and late stages
  • Interact with the immune system with B and T cells
  • Note: May be normal, based on patients age. May have normal elevation in kids
31
Q

lymphopenia

A

decreased lymphocytes
Note: May signify impaired immune response; may occur normally with aging
- Decreased lymphocyte count < 500 means pt is dangerously susceptible to infection

32
Q

Platelets

A

Thrombocytes are necessary for clotting and control of bleeding

<20 x 10(3)/mm(3) is associated with tendency for spontaneous bleeding, prolonged bleeding time, petechiae, and ecchymosis

33
Q

Increased platelets

A

inflammation ,acute blood loss, iron deficiency, post splenectomy

34
Q

Decreased platelets

A

drug induced, gestational, viral infections, purpura, pregnancy, liver disease

35
Q

Neutrophils

A

Pyogenic infections: bacterial, left shift

36
Q

Eosinophils

A

Allergic disorders and parasitic infestations “worms, wheezes and weird diseases”

37
Q

Basophils

A

parasitic infections, some allergic disorders

38
Q

Lymphocytes

A

Viral infections (measles, rubella, chickenpox, infectious mononucleosis)

39
Q

monocytes

A

Severe infections, by phagocytosis

Radiology (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions