CBC rev Flashcards
Transports blood cells & other substances throughout the body
Plasma
–Transports oxygen throughout body (utilizing hemoglobin)
Red Blood Cells (RBC)
–Helps protect the body from infection and regulate the immune cells
White Blood Cells
–Involved in coagulation
Platelets
- What is the production of RBC called?
- What hormone is involved? Produced where?
Erythropoiesis
Erythropoietin / Kidneys
- Where does the cellular production of RBCs occur?
- How long does it take for RBCs to form stem cells?
- Life span of a RBC?
- Bone marrow
- 7 days
- 120 days
What are the 2 bone marrow abnormalities?
- BM replaced by tumor cells –> leads to abnormal blood counts (such as lymphoma infiltration)
- BM damaged by chemicals (benzene, abx) –> leads to aplastic anemia
What are reticulocytes and how long does they take to mature in the circultion?
Youngest circulating RBCs (larger than other RBC)
1 day
An increased retic count is associated with an increase in which 2 lab values?
- Why?
MCV (mean cell volume) and RDW (red cell distribution width)
- d/t the retics being larger in size
A RBC lifespan is 90-120 days
- What 4 things can shorten the lifespan? (RBC destruction)
- Uremic toxins
- ↑ blood glucose
- Inflammatory cytokines
- Infections
Protein in RBC that carries oxygen
Hemoglobin
Percent of whole blood made up of RBCs
Hematocrit
4 Components of RBC indices
-
MCV (mean cell volume)
- Macrocytosis
- Microcytosis
- Normocytic
- MCH (mean cell hemoglobin / wt of hgb in RBC)
- MCHC (mean cell hgb concentration)
- RDW (red cell distribution width / range of cell sizes)
How are “normal” ranges for CBC components based?
Blood samples obtained from white men (20-60 yrs old) who are NOT taking meds.
What 3 things are seen on peripheral smear?
-
Abnormal size: anisocytosis
- Correlates w/ RDW
- Ex: microcytosis & macrocytosis
-
Abnormal shape: poikilocytosis
- Defect in precursor cells
-
Abnormal color:
- hypochromasia (pale d/t less hgb)
- hyperchromasia (dark d/t dehydration or spherocytes)
- polychromasia (blue stained d/t early release from BM)
Which cell on peripheral smear?
- Hemoglobinopathy
- Thalassemia
- Liver disease
Target cells
(bull’s eye appearance)
Which abnormality on Peripheral Smear?
- Blue granules
- Ribosomal precipitates
- Thalassemia
- ETOH abuse
- Lead/Heavy metal poisoning
Basophilic stippling
Which abnormality on Peripheral Smear?
- Crescent-shaped RBCs
Sickle Cells
(sickle cell anemia)
Which abnormality on Peripheral Smear?
- Multiple Myeloma
Rouleaux formation
(RBCs stack on each other like coins)
Which abnormality of Peripheral Smear?
- Schistocytes
- Helmet cells
- Vascular FB (mechanical heart valve)
- Disseminated intravascular coag
- Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Fragmented Cells
Which abnormality on Peripheral Smear?
- Hgb precipitate on surface of RBC skeleton
- Seen w/ crystal violet stain
- G6PD deficiency
- Autoimmune hemolytic anemia
- Thalassemia
Heinz Bodies
Which abnormality on Peripheral Smear?
- Semicircular portions removed from cell margin
- Caused by removal of hemoglobin precipitate by _____.
Bite Cells
Bite Cells on a peripheral smear are associated w/ which 2 conditions?
- G6PD deficiency
- Hemolytic Anemia
Which abnormality on Peripheral Smear?
- Small, round remnants of nuclear DNA inside cell
Howell-Jolly Bodies