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clin path > CBC/ leukogram signs- exam 1 > Flashcards

CBC/ leukogram signs- exam 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Anemia of Inflammatory Disease

A
  • mild/moderate anemia
  • decreased serum iron
  • increased storage iron
  • inflammatory leukogram
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2
Q

Vitamin K deficiency

A
  • prolonged PT & PTT
  • normal PLT
  • anemia (regenerative)
  • hypovolemia
  • dyspnea
  • lameness
  • neuro signs
  • death
  • normal MPV
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3
Q

Hemophilia A

A
  • factor VIII deficiency
  • young puppy
  • PLT and bleeding times are normal
  • PT normal
  • PTT and ACT prolonged
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4
Q

Hemophilia B

A
  • factor IX deficiency

- bleeding

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5
Q

Factor XII deficiency

A
  • cats

- no bleeding

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6
Q

Endocrinopathy related anemia

A
  • hypothyroidism and hypoadrenocorticism (Addison’s)
  • mild anemia
  • neutrophilia
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7
Q

Platelet destruction

A
  • ex: IMTP
  • decreased PLT
  • PT/PTT normal
  • increased megakaryocytes in bone marrow
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8
Q

Von Willebrand’s disease

A
  • normal platelets
  • increased buccal mucosal bleeding time
  • PT/PTT normal
  • decreased bleeding
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9
Q

Intrinsic pathway

A
  • PTT

- XI, XII, IX, VIII

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10
Q

Common pathway

A

-X, V

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11
Q

Extrinsic Pathway

A

-7, PT

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12
Q

Dehydration

A

-PCV and TP proportionally increased

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13
Q

Blood loss

A
  • PCV and TP proportionally decreased
  • acute= decrease protein with PCV
  • chronic
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14
Q

Blood destruction

A
  • slow onset= less severe
  • extra and intravascular hemolysis
  • IMHA, Heinz body anemia, RBC parasites, hypophosphatemia, thermal injury, zinc toxicosis, inherited RBC enzyme deficiencies, diabetes mellitus in cats, bacteria, enzyme deficiences
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15
Q

Spherocytosis

A
  • mismatched blood transfusion
  • rattle snake envenomation
  • zinc toxicosis
  • bee stings
  • IMHA
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16
Q

Methemoglobinemia

A
  • acetominophen toxicosis in cats
  • nitrate poisoning in cows
  • Red maple leaf ingestion in horses
  • iron can’t carry the oxygen–> blood turns brown
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17
Q

Copper toxicosis

A
  • sheep
  • hemolytic anemia
  • hemoglobinemia/hemoglobinuria
  • Heinz body formation
18
Q

Non-regenerative anemia

A
  • usually normocytic
  • think bone marrow damage
  • inflammatory leukogram
  • TP normal
  • caused by: erythroid hypoplasia intrinsic/ extrinsic, erythroid aplasia, renal disease
19
Q

Regenerative anemia

A
  • macrocytic RBC
  • increased reticulocytes
  • basophilic stippling (normal in large animal)
  • with a lot of basophilic stippling–> think lead poisioning
  • Howell Jolly bodies
  • decreased M:E ratio
20
Q

Iron deficiency anemia

A
  • microcytic RBC (although generally regenerative)
  • hypochromasia
  • schistocytes
  • thrombocytosis
  • increase in reticulocytes
  • usually increased RDW- anisocytosis
  • MCHC often normal
  • decreased iron, decreased transferrin saturation, decreased storage iron, decreased serum iron
21
Q

Immune Mediated Hemolytic Anemia

A
  • spherocytes
  • agglutination
  • inflammatory leukogram
  • may be azotemic
  • neutrophilia with left shift
  • usually regenerative
  • increased polychromasia
  • some Howell-Jolly bodies
  • signalment- drugs, cocker spaniels
22
Q

Heinz body anemia

A
  • eccentrocytes
  • causes: oxidatively denatured hemoglobin
  • cats: acetominophen, propylene glycol, illness- lymphoma, hyperthyroidism, diabeetus
  • all: onions, garlic, zinc toxicosis
  • dogs: cephalosporins, naphthalene (moth balls)
  • horses- phenothiazine, WILTED red maple leaves
  • cattle- kale
  • sheep- copper toxicosis
23
Q

Hemangiosarcoma (dogs) hepatic lipidosis (cats)

A

-acanthocytes

24
Q

Intravascular trauma

A
  • DIC, vascular tumors
  • schistocytes
  • thrombocytopenia
  • increased FDPs and D-Dimers
  • prolonged PT and PTT
  • decreased fibrinogen
  • decreased antithrombin
  • hemorrhagic anemia
25
Q

inflammation

A
  • increased production of neutrophils
  • segs 2x normal upper limit
  • early release from the marrow (increased neutrophils)
  • monocytosis
  • bands
  • left shift
26
Q

Excitement (epinephrine)

A
  • 2x leukocyte concenration
  • more common in felines
  • no left shift
  • thrombocytosis
27
Q

stress and corticosteroids

A
  • lymphopenia
  • neutrophilia (can be 2x upper limit)
  • eosinopenia
  • no left shift
  • monocytosis
28
Q

Ehrlichiosis

A
  • lymphocytosis

- large granular lymphocytes

29
Q

Howell-Jolly bodies

A
  • regenerative anemia
  • non-functional spleen/splenectomized
  • increased corticosteroids
  • lead poisioning if out of proportion to degree of anemia
30
Q

Thrombocytopenia

A
  • less then 30,000 PLT, at risk for spontaneous hemorrhage
  • mucosal bleeding, petechiation, ecchymosis
  • increased megakaryocyte size
  • causes:decreased production, destruction, sequestration, loss/hemorrhage, consumption
31
Q

Immune mediated thrombocytopenia

A
  • primary hemostasis- yes
  • secondary hemostasis- no
  • bleeding pattern- mucosal petechiation to ecchymosis
  • PLT- decreased
  • PT and PTT normal
32
Q

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

A
  • no primary hemostasis
  • yes secondary hemostasis
  • mucosal bleeding, hemorrhage
  • decreased PLT
  • prolonged PT and PTT
  • increased FDP and D-dimers
  • schistocytes
33
Q

Vitamin K deficiency

A
  • primary hemostasis- yes
  • secondary hemostasis- no
  • regenerative anemia/ hypovolemia
  • normal PLT
  • prolonged PT and PTT
34
Q

Echinocytes

A
  • crenation
  • electrolyte imbalances
  • non-specific diseases
  • rattle snake evenomation
35
Q

Polychromasia

A
  • blood loss
  • blood destruction
  • recoving marrow
36
Q

Acanthocytes

A
  • cats with hepatic lipidosis

- dogs with HAS

37
Q

Schistocytes

A
  • intravascular trauma (DIC, vascular tumors)

- iron deficiency anemia

38
Q

Keratocytes

A

-iron deficiency anemia

39
Q

Spehrocytes

A

-IMHA

40
Q

Eccentrocytes

A

heinz body anemia

clin path (1 decks)

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