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Pathology > CBC and Peripheral Blood Cell Morphology > Flashcards

CBC and Peripheral Blood Cell Morphology Flashcards

1
Q

What are the specimen requirements for a CBC?

A

EDTA anti coagulated blood (purple top)

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2
Q

What 3 cell types are counted by CBC?

A

leukocytes, erythrocytes, thrombocytes

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3
Q

Hemoglobin (Hgb)

A
  • reported in g/dL
  • uses cyanmethemoglobin method for measurement
  • gives the total hemoglobin concentration in a given volume of blood (NOT PER CELL)
  • improper venipuncture can affect results, especially with finger stick samples or capillary blood samples
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4
Q

Hematocrit (Hct)

A
  • “packed cell” volume, reported in %
  • volume percentage of RBC in blood
  • Hct = MCV x RBC
  • in nml individuals, Hct is 3x Hgb which is 3x RBC count
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5
Q

Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)

Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MC)

A

MCV

  • RBC indicies, in fL
  • avg vol of RBCs, correlating with avg RBC size
  • MCV = Hct x 1000/RBC
  • useful in evaluation of anemia, although may be nml in early deficiency anemias (like iron, B12, folate def)
  • small cells have small MCV, large cells have large MCV

MCH
- reported in pg
- weight of Hgb in the average RBC
- calculated from total Hgb concentration and RBC total count
MCH = Hgb/RBC
* doesn’t take into account the size of cell

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6
Q

Mean corpuscular (cellular) hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

A
  • RBC indices
  • concentration of Hgb in the avg RBC
  • calculated from the Hbg concentration and Hct
  • MCHC = (Hgb/Hct) x 100

*normochromic cells have normal MCHC, hypochromic cells have lower MCHC

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7
Q

Red blood cell distribution width (RBW)

A
  • measurement of variation in size of RBC

- anisolytosis = abnml variation in size (high RDW) with wider peak on graph

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8
Q

Mean platelet volume (MPV)

A
  • reported in fL
  • measurement of variation in size of platelets, analogous to MCV in erythrocytes.
  • an indirect measure of the age of platelets. newer, more immature ones tend to be larger than older ones
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9
Q

Leukocyte differential

A
  • divided into granulocytes (neutrophils, bands, immature granulocytic precursors), lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils, and basophils
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10
Q

Absolute vs. relative counts

A

absolute counts - real cell number; calculated by multiplying the % on the manual differential by total WBC count **this is the count that matters

relative counts - percentages, relative numbers

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11
Q

Leukocytosis

A

increased WBC

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12
Q

Neutrophilia

A

increased neutrophils

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13
Q

eosinophilia

A

increased eosinophils

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14
Q

basophilia

A

increased basophils

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15
Q

monocytosis

A

increased monocytes

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16
Q

lymphocytosis

A

increased lymphocytes

17
Q

thrombocytosis

A

increased platelets

18
Q

polycythemia

A

increased RBC

19
Q

leukocytopenia

A

decreased WBC

20
Q

neutropenia

A

decreased neutrophils

21
Q

lymphocytopenia or lymphopenia

A

decreased lymphocytes

22
Q

monocytopenia

A

decreased monocytes

23
Q

thrombocytopenia

A

decreased platelets

24
Q

anemia

A

decreased RBC

25
Q

microcytic

A

decrease RBC cell size (<7 microns, <80 fL)

26
Q

microcytic

A

larger than nml RBC (>8.5 microns, >100 fL)

27
Q

anisocytosis

A

variation in size

28
Q

poikilocytosis

A

variation in shape

29
Q

anisopoikilocytosis

A

variation in size and shape

30
Q

normocytic

A

nml amount of Hgb, with nml staining on peripheral blood smear

31
Q

hypochromic

A

decreased Hgb, with pale staining

32
Q

polychromasia

A

increased immature RBC (reticulocytes); blue-gray cytoplasm due to residual RNA; nml act of Hgb

33
Q

Describe normal erythrocytes.

A
  • biconcave discs in peripheral blood (flexible)
  • roughly circular in shape on peripheral blood smear, with minor variations in size and shape
  • average diameter about 7.5-8um
  • central zone of pallor occupies approx. the middle third of the cell
  • main function: carry O2 in arteriolar blood to tissues and CO2 back to lungs
34
Q

Abnormalities in size: microcytic hypochromic cells

A

cells are small and pale; zone of central pallor is >1/3 the diameter of cell
seen in iron deficiency, anemia of chronic dz, sideroblastic anemia, lead or other heavy metal poisoning, and thalassemia

35
Q

Abnormalities in size: macrocytic anemia

A

cells are larger than nml, well hemoglobinized (normochromic); seen with young cells and in abnormal maturation states like megaloblastic anemia (B12 or folate deficiency_, and myelodysplastic syndromes

36
Q

Abnormalities of shape: spherocytes

A

cells are smaller in diameter than nml but spherical with loss of central pallor; bone marrow produces nml biconcave red cells but these lose membrane during passage through the spleen; spherocytes have shortened lifespans and destroyed prematurely in spleen - denser in color

Pathology (3 decks)

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