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Clinical Science > CBC Abnormalities > Flashcards

CBC Abnormalities Flashcards

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1
Q

Iron-Deficiency Anemia

A

Most common, decreased iron in body, can be caused by blood loss, pregnancy, poor diet (young women only usually), gastric bypass

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2
Q

Vitamin-deficiency anemia

A

low levels of vitamin B12 or folate from poor diet, vitamins required for erythropoiesis

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3
Q

Aplastic anemia

A

Rare, results when body stops erythropoiesis, results from chemicals, drugs, autoimmune causes

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4
Q

Hemolytic anemia

A

destruction of RBCs resulting from multiple causes, inherited, infection

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5
Q

Anemia of chronic disease

A

occurs in the presence of multiple chronic conditions, results from decreased RBC production by bone marrow, chronic inflammatory and neoplastic states that impair RBC production

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6
Q

Sideroblastic anemia

A

Multiple causes, bone marrow produces abnormal RBCs which prevent iron from being incorporated into hemoglobin

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7
Q

Thasassemia

A

Body produces abnormal alpha or beta chain of hemoglobin, genetic (typical in middle eastern origin)

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8
Q

Leukocytosis/Neutrophilia

A

elevated WBC count

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9
Q

Leukopenia/Neutropenia

A

decreased WBC count

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10
Q

Leukocytosis (causes)

A

Infections (mostly bacterial), certain medications (corticosteroids), smokers

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11
Q

Leukopenia (causes)

A

Infections (viral, parasitic, some bacterial)

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12
Q

Granulocytosis

A

leukocytosis due to increased numbers of neutrophils, eosinophils, or less commonly, basophils

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13
Q

Severe neutropenia

A

0.5 x 10^3 (500), high risk for overwhelming and life threatening bacterial infection

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14
Q

Moderate neutropenia

A

0.5-1.0 x 10^3 (500-1000), moderate risk for infection

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15
Q

Mild neutropenia

A

1.0-1.5 x 10^3 (1000-1500), mild risk for infection

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16
Q

Lymphocytosis

A

increased lymphocytes

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17
Q

Lymphocytopenia

A

decreased lymphocytes

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18
Q

Lymphocytosis (causes)

A

infection, predominantly viral. Less commonly bacterial. Mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus (CMV), primary HIV infection, viral pneumonia, mumps, varicella, influenza, hepatitis, rubella, measles, pertussis, bartonella. Drug reactions, especially anticonvulsants. Higher in infants and young children.

19
Q

Lymphocytopenia (causes)

A

Bacterial or fungal sepsis, postoperative state, chemo or radiation, malignancy, glucocorticosteroids, immunosuppressants

20
Q

Increased monocytes (causes)

A

Bacterial/viral/parasitic infection, hematologic disorder, hemolytic anemia, autoimmune disorder

21
Q

Eosinophilia (causes)

A

Parasites, allergic disorders

22
Q

Eosinopenia (causes)

A

acute or bacterial infections

23
Q

Reactive thrombocytosis (causes)

A

Infection, post surgery, malignancy, postsplenectomy, acute blood loss or iron deficiency

24
Q

Most common thrombocytosis

A

cytokine driven

25
Q

Autonomous thrombocytosis (causes)

A

malignancy

26
Q

Thrombocytopenia (causes)

A

Lab error (platelets stuck together), drug induced, infection (HIV, hepatitis C, Epstein Barr, sepsis, parasites), alcohol, pregnancy, nutritional deficiencies, malignancies

27
Q

Increased RBC count (causes)

A

Cigarette smoking, dehydration, high EPO, polycythemia (abnormally high RBC and hemoglobin count)

28
Q

Decreased RBC count (causes)

A

Anemia, bleeding (GYN or GI), hematopoietic failure (radiation, toxins, tumors), poor nutrition (B6, B12, Folate, Iron), pregnancy, overhydration

29
Q

Increased hemoglobin (causes)

A

Tobacco use, advanced COPD, alcohol abuse, high altitude, dehydration (false elevation)

30
Q

Decreased hemoglobin (causes)

A

Acute blood loss anemia, malnutrition (B12, folate, iron), renal failure, disorders of hemoglobin structure (thalassemia, sickle cell)

31
Q

MCV (definition)

A

mean corpuscular volume (average volume of cells)

32
Q

MCHC (definition)

A

mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (% of platelet taken up by hemoglobin)

33
Q

MCH (definition)

A

mean corpuscular hemoglobin (average weight of the hemoglobin on the cells)

34
Q

RDW (definition)

A

red blood cell distribution width (variation of cell size)

35
Q

Hypochromic RBCs

A

Decreased concentration of hemoglobin. Decreased MCH or MCHC

36
Q

Normochromic RBCs

A

Normal concentration of hemoglobin. Normal MCH and MCHC

37
Q

Hyperchromic RBCs

A

Increased concentration of hemoglobin. Increased MCH or MCHC

38
Q

Normocytic Anemia

A

Most frequently encountered, decreased RBC production or increased RBC destruction. Decreased hemoglobin and hematocrit, MCV normal

39
Q

Normocytic Anemia (causes)

A

acute blood loss, anemia of chronic disease (most common)

40
Q

Microcytic anemia

A

MCV is decreased, usually hypochromic (decreased MCHC)

41
Q

Microcytic anemia (Causes)

A

iron deficiency anemia (most common), alpha-thalassemia, beta-thalassemia, lead poisoning

42
Q

Macrocytic anemia

A

Increased MCV

43
Q

Macrocytic anemia (Causes)

A

Alcoholism, B12 or Folate deficiency, liver disease, drugs (multiple)

Clinical Science (6 decks)

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