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Clinical Laboratory Med Exam 1 (Lauren) > CBC > Flashcards

CBC Flashcards

1
Q

What measurements does a CBC tell us?

A

Hgb

Hct

RBC

MCV

RDW

WBC

Platelets

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2
Q

In a “fishbone” there are 4 values. What are they and where are they?

A

Hemoglobin
WBC Platelets
Hematocrit

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3
Q

What are the direct measurements in a CBC (instead of calculated)?

A

Hemoglobin

Hematocrit

WBC

Platelets

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4
Q

What is this:

The volume of packed RBCs

A

Hematocrit

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5
Q

What is the lifespan of a RBC?

A

120 days

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6
Q

What 4 things can cause an elevated H/H?

A

Dehydration

COPD

Polycythemia Vera

High altitude

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7
Q

What causes a decreased H/H? (Broadly)

A

Anemia

Anemia of chronic disease, iron deficiency, blood loss, folate/B12 deficient, hemolytic anemia, aplastic anemia

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8
Q

What is this:

Calculated value to determine average size of RBCs

A

MCV

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9
Q

How do you calculate MCV?

A

Hematocrit/RBC

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10
Q

How do you calculate MCH?

A

Hemoglobin/RBC

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11
Q

How do you calculate MCHC?

A

Hemoglobin/Hematocrit

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12
Q

What is this:

An indication of the degree of variation in the size of RBCs

A

RDW (Red Cell Distubution Width)

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13
Q

What is the word for a variation in size of RBCs?

A

Anisocytosis

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14
Q

What is a normal RDW?

A

11-15%

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15
Q

What kind of infection can cause leukocytosis?

A

Bacterial

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16
Q

What is leukocytosis?

A

WBC count over 10,000

Too high

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17
Q

What is leukopenia?

A

WBC count under 5,000

Too low

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18
Q

Will inflammation cause WBC to go up or down?

A

Up

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19
Q

What kind of drug can cause leukocytosis?

A

Steroids****

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20
Q

What 6 things were listed as causing leukocytosis?

A

Bacterial infection

Inflammation

Neoplasm (leukemia)

Leukemoid response

Steroid use

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21
Q

What kind of infection will cause leukopenia?

A

Viral

Overwhelming bacterial

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22
Q

What will chemotherapy or other toxic drugs do to your WBC count?

A

Decrease it

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23
Q

What are bands?

A

Baby neutrophils

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24
Q

When do bands enter the circulation?

A

When neutrophil production is highly stimulated (bacterial infection)

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25
Q

What is it called when you have an increase in WBC count due to an increase in neutrophils and bands?

A

Leukocytosis with a left shift

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26
Q

What does a differential tell you?

A

The number or % of each type of WBC

27
Q

What are the 2 other names for granulocytes?

A

PMNs (polymorphonuclear leukoctyes)

Polys

28
Q

What are the 3 types of granulocytes?

A

Neutrophils

Eosinophils

Basophils

29
Q

What kind of WBC is involved in allergic reactions AND parasite infection?

A

Eosinophils

30
Q

What kind of reactions are basophils involved in?

A

Allergic

31
Q

What 5 things can cause neutrophilia (too many neutrophils)?

A

Bacterial infections

Inflammation

Medications (STEROIDS)***

Stress (very ill, seizure, etc)

Trauma

32
Q

What kind of medication can cause neutropenia (too few neutrophils)?

A

Chemotherapy****

33
Q

What 5 things can cause neutropenia?

A

CHEMOTHERAPY

Viral infection

Aplastic anemia

Overwhelming bacterial infection

Radiation

34
Q

If you are in Arizona and you see too many _____________, you should be worried about Valley fever

A

Eosinophils

35
Q

True or false:

Eosinophils respond to bacterial and viral infections

A

False

36
Q

What kinds of medications can cause eosinophilia?D

A

Allopurinol

NSAIDs

Antibiotics

37
Q

What is it called when a drug causes eosinophilia?

A

DRESS syndrome

Drug Rash with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms

38
Q

What 6 things can cause eosinophilia?

A

Coccidiomycosis (Valley Fever)***

Leukemia/lymphoma

Allergic reactions**

Parasites***

Autoimmune disease

Medications (allopurinol, NSAIDs, abx)

39
Q

When 2 things can cause eosinopenia? TOO LOW

A

Steroids

Acute inflammation/stress

40
Q

What 2 things can cause basophilia?

A

Myeloproliferative disease

Leukemia

(THINK MALIGNANCY when you see too many basophils)

41
Q

What 2 things can cause basopenia?

A

Acute allergic reactions

Stress

42
Q

What are the 2 agranulocytes?

A

Lymphocytes (B and T Cells)

Monocytes

43
Q

What kind of infection do lymphocytes fight?

A

Viral

44
Q

Which is a phagocyte:

Lymphocytes or monocytes

A

Monocytes

45
Q

What kind of infection do monocytes fight?

A

Bacterial (via phagocytosis)

46
Q

What 2 things can cause lymphocytosis? (TOO MANY LYMPHOCYTES)

A

Viral infections (mono, hepatitis)

Lymphocytic leukemia

47
Q

What 2 specific infections cause lymphocytosis?

A

Mono

Hepatitis

48
Q

Will corticosteroids make your lymphocytes increase or decrease

A

Decrease

49
Q

What 6 things can cause lymphocytopenia? (Too few)

A

Infections

Steroids

Immunodeficiency

Lymphoma

Chemo

Radiation

50
Q

What effect will a parasitic infection have on your monocytes levels?

A

Increase

51
Q

What effect will malaria have on monocytes /

A

Increase

52
Q

What effect will TB have on monocytes?

A

Increase

53
Q

What effect will steroids have on monocytes?

A

Decrease

54
Q

What part of the blood initiates the coagulation cascade?

A

Platelets

55
Q

Do you need platelets for hemostasis?

A

Yes

56
Q

What kinds of things can cause a reactive thrombocytosis? (Increase in platelets)

A

Acute blood loss

Malignancy

Inflammation

Trauma

Infection

57
Q

What is essential thrombocytosis?

A

When the pt ALWAYS has high platelet counts- refer to hematology

58
Q

What effect will polycythemia Vera have on platelets?

A

Increase

59
Q

What parts of your CBC will be increased by polycythemia vera?

A

Hemoglobin

Hematocrit

WBC

Platelets

(All of it)

60
Q

What 4 things can cause thrombocytosis (too many platelets)

A

Reactive

Essential thrombocytosis

Polycythemia Vera

Leukemia, etc

61
Q

What effect can heparin have on platelets ?

A

Decrease

62
Q

What effect can liver disease have on platelets?

A

Decrease

63
Q

What kinds of things can cause thrombocytopenia (too few platelets)?

A

Primary Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)

Thrombotic thrombocytic purpura (TTP)

Drug induced (heparin)

Cancer w/ Bone marrow suppression

Infections

Chronic liver disease

Disseminated intravascular coagulation

Aplastic anemia

Inherited thrombocytopenia

64
Q

What is polycythemia Vera?

A

A chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by proliferation of myeloid cells and an elevated RBC count

Aka: H/H, platelets, and WBC will all be high

Clinical Laboratory Med Exam 1 (Lauren) (3 decks)

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