CBC Flashcards
Hematopoietic stem cells reside in _____
and are able to
bone marrow
differentiate into all 10 cell lineages (mature blood cells)
this means they are multipotent
Hematopoesis (production of these cells) can increase based on
body symptoms (infection, cancer, etc)
When doing a CBC what cells are we looking at?
RBC
thromboycyes (which are platelets)
the phils (neutrophil, eosinophil, basophil)
monocytes
Anemia occurs when you do not have sufficient ____
or the ones you do have are
RBCs
malformed
If you do not have enough RBCs, then you will not have enough
Hg and iron
There are many types of anemia and the CBC is one of the main tests used to
diagnose anemia.
signs of anemia?
Fatigue
Light headed
Pale in the face and the eyelids! (conjunctival pallor) if you pull down eye lids and don’t see a lot of red, you can begin to speculate that maybe they are anemic
bruising
____ anemia is the most common
Iron-deficiency anemia:
iron deficiency anemia can be caused by
can be caused by blood loss, pregnancy, poor diet, gastric bypass (removing part of stomach, you have less area for absorption so they have iron deficiency anemia as well)
Thalassemia
Body produces abnormal alpha or beta chain of hemoglobin, genetic cause, more common in certain ethnic groups
Abnormality in hemoglobin chains
Primarily genetic
leads to anemia
avg cost for CBC
20$ or more at hospital (3-5x as much) but very cost efficient because you look at a lot of things
CBC is one of the most important medical tests and is often ordered as part of
a routine medical examination, in the evaluation of infection, inflammation, or neoplastic processes.
types of WBC
lymphocyte, monocyte, neutrophil, basophil, eosinophil
what is collectively known as the granulocytes
neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils
total WBC count that includes all WBCs together (monocyte, lymphocyte and the “three phils”) should be
4.5-11 *10^3 uL
The white blood cell, also called a ______, is responsible for
leukocyte
fighting off infection and disease.
Leukocytosis=
and is usually caused by
elevated WBC count BACTERIAL infections but also -Corticosteroids, such as Prednisone (we use this drug for asthma, joint disease, skin disease, poison ivy) -Smokers
Leukopenia =
and is usually caused by
decreased WBC count
VIRAL infections/ parasites
Benign ethnic leukopenia-
individuals of African descent especially → complicated, but confers malaria protection
African americans tend to have lower (maybe 1000 less) total wbc count than caucasions
some reasons for leukopenia
Decreased production → bone marrow malignancy or defect, chemotherapy, nutritional deficiency ( lack of B12,folate)
Radiation treatment for cancer
Alcohol abuse, poor nutrition, gastric bypass → impaired folic acid absorption → decreased WBC production b.c you are not absorbing the vitamins you need to produce
The majority of mature WBCs are ____ so any increase or decrease in total WBC count is usually a reflection of
neutrophils ~ 60% so
a change in neutrophil count predominantly.
The increase/decrease in a total WBC can reflect changes in any of the WBC cells, but more commonly reflects change in
neutrophils
these terms are used interchangeably
Leukocytosis =
Leukopenia =
tosis= neutrophilia
penia=neutropenia (WBCs are depressed)
Leukocytosis AKA Granulocytosis is due to
an increase in the phils only