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Clin Med Lab > CBC > Flashcards

CBC Flashcards

1
Q

newborns tend to have higher or lower WBC compared to adults

A

higher

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2
Q

elevated neutrophils differential diagnosis

A
  • bacterial infection
  • leukemia
  • inflammation (RA)
  • medications
    • steriods, epinephrine
  • stress
  • cigarette smoking
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3
Q

polymorphonuclear cell

A
  • granulocytes
    • neutrophils
    • eosinophils
    • basophils
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4
Q

eosinophils are elevated with what conditions

A
  • allergic reaction
  • parasitic infection
  • Neoplasm (includes leukemia)
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5
Q

basophils are elevated with what conditions

A
  • myeloproliferative disease
  • leukemia (CML)
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6
Q

name the nongranuloctyes

A
  • Lymphocytes
    • T cells and B cells
  • monocytes
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7
Q

elevated lymphocytes differential diagnosis

A
  • acute viral infections
  • lymphocytic leukemia
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8
Q

common myeloid progenitor cell line form what cells

A
  • eosinophil
  • basophil
  • neutrophil
  • monocyte
  • megakaryocyte -> platelets
  • RBC
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9
Q

vocab for high and low neutrophils

A
  • neutrophilia and neutropenia
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10
Q

vocab for high and low lymphocytes

A
  • lymphocytosis and lymphocytopenia
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11
Q

vocab for high and low monocytes

A
  • monocytosis and monocytopenia
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12
Q

vocab for high and low eosinophils and basophils

A
  • eosinophilia and eosinopenia
  • basophilia and basopenia
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13
Q

common causes of leukocytosis

A
  • bacterial infection
  • inflammation
  • neoplasm
  • steroid use
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14
Q

common causes of leukopenia

A
  • overwhelming bacterial infection
  • bone marrow failure
  • drug toxicity
  • autoimmune disease
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15
Q

what is a “Left shift”

A
  • typical response to acute bacterial infection
    • leukocytosis
    • neutrophilia
    • bands (baby neutrophils)
      • bands enter circulation when neutrophil production is highly stimulated
    • often see lymphocytopenia
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16
Q

metamyelocytes

A

the development of early neutophilic cells

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17
Q

neutropenia differential diagnosis

A
  • viral infection
  • aplastic anemia (no cell line being produced)
  • overwhelming bacteria infection (esp. elderly)
  • drugs
    • chemo
    • sulfa, antithyroid meds, phenothiazines
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18
Q

atypical lymphocytes are present in what condition

A

mononucleosis

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19
Q

lymphocytopenia differential diagnosis

A
  • corticosteroids
  • immunodeficiency disease
    • late stage HIV
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20
Q

Eosinopenia differential diagnosis

A
  • corticosteroids
  • acute stress or inflammatory conditions
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21
Q

Monocytosis differential diagnosis

A
  • chronic inflammatory disorders
    • ulcerative colitis
    • collagen vascular diseases
  • viral infections
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22
Q

Monocytopenia differential diagnosis

A

corticosteroid therapy

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23
Q

basopenia differential diagnosis

A
  • acute allergic reactions: basophils move out of circulation and into the tissue
  • hyperthyroidism
  • stress reactions
24
Q

if WBC count is abnormal and clinical picture is benign, think what

A

medications!

25
Q

pregnant women have what leukocyte count

A

elevated WBC

26
Q

RBC life span

A

120 days, at the end, RBC is extracted by the spleen

27
Q

hematocrit

A

measure of the percentage of the total blood volume that is made up by RBC

  • Hct is approximately 3 times that of the Hgb concentration
28
Q

polycythemia

A

high percentage of RBC

29
Q

increased RBC count differential diagnosis

A
  • dehydration
  • COPD
  • polycythemia vera
30
Q

decreased RBC count differential diagnosis

A
  • anemia
    • bleeding/ Fe deficiency
    • B12, folate deficiency
    • hemolytic anemia
    • cirrhosis
    • pregnancy
    • bone marrow failure
31
Q

conditions that cause a reduced production of RBCs

A
  • B12, folate, iron deficiency, bone marrow failure
  • renal failure (decreased erythropoietin)
32
Q

MCV

A

measure of average RBC size

  • microcytic
  • normocytic
  • macrocytic
33
Q

MCH

A

weight of Hgb in RBC

34
Q

MCHC

A

Hgb concentration

  • hypochromic, normochromic, hyperchromic
35
Q

RDW

A

measure of variation in RBC size

  • indicates degree of anisocytosis
36
Q

anisocytosis

A

condition characterized by RBCs of variable and abnormal size

37
Q

What hemoglobin levels would you consider transfusion

A
  • Hgb < 8 g/dl
  • eldery person with CAD: Hgb < 10 g/dl
38
Q

Microcytic anemia (decreased MCV) differential diagnosis

A
  • iron deficiency
  • lead poisoning
  • thalassemia
39
Q

thalassemia

A

hereditary disorder characterized by reduced synthesis of globin chains

40
Q

peripheral smear of thalassemia minor

A

target cells

41
Q

condition in which RBCs will be small (dec MCV) but total RBC count may be normal or elevated

A

thalassemia

  • microcytosis out of proportion to degree of anemia
42
Q

method used to diagnose thalassemia

A

hemoglobin electrophoresis

43
Q

macrocytic anemia differential diagnosis (inc MCV)

A
  • Vitamin B12 deficiency
  • folate deficiency
44
Q

normocytic anemia differential diagnosis

A
  • anemia of chronic disease
  • renal failure
  • acute blood loss
45
Q

polycythemia is associated with what conditions

A
  • increased Hgb/Hct levels
    • dehydration
    • polycythemia vera
    • smoking and COPD
    • high altitude
46
Q

relative vs absolute polycythemia

A
  • relative: artifact of concentration
    • due to decreased plasma volume: dehydration
  • absolute: true increase in RBC mass
    • polycythemia vera
    • secondary polycythemia
47
Q

secondary polycythemia

A
  • due to increased erythropoetin production
  • tissue hypoxia is a major cause
  • COPD and living at high altitude
48
Q

polycythemia vera

A
  • bone marrow disorder characterized by overproduction of erythroid cells
49
Q

CBC findings in polycythemia vera

A
  • elevated Hgb/Hct
  • increased red blood cell mass
  • leukocytosis
  • thrombocytosis
50
Q

clinical presentation

  • HA, dizziness, tinnitus, blurred vision
  • fatigue
  • pruritus following warm shower or bath
  • PE
    • engorged retinal veins
    • thrombosis
    • splenomegaly
A

polycythemia vera

51
Q

treatment of polycythemia vera

A

phlebotomy: taking blood out usually a liter at a time

52
Q

what can happen if platelet count falls below <20,000

A

patient may bleed spontaneously

53
Q

thrombocytosis differential diagnosis

A
  • malignancy
  • polycythemia vera
  • post splenectomy
54
Q

thrombocytopenia differential diagnosis

A
  • idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura
  • thrombocytic thrombocytopenic purpura
  • leukemia
  • cirrhosis
  • DIC
  • hemolytic anemia
55
Q

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

A
  • autoimmune: develops antibodies against own platelets
56
Q

clinical presentation

  • mucosal and skin bleeding
  • possible antecedent viral infection
  • petechiae, purpura, epistaxis, menorrhagia
  • platelet count low
  • other blood counts and peripheral smear normal
A

idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

57
Q

treatment of idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura

A
  • usually self limited in children
  • adults: corticosteroids
    • if unresponsive: splenectomy

Clin Med Lab (6 decks)

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