CBC

Question 1

Blood and components

list

Answer 1

4-6 L in average adult
Plasma 55%
Cellular component 45%
-RBC, WBC, platelets

Question 2

Plasma

Answer 2

-thin, colorless liquid contains proteins (albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, and clotting factors) AND electrolytes, nutrients, and waste products.
(serum lacks clotting factors)

Question 3

RBCs = erythrocytes

Answer 3

4.2-6.2 million/mm3

too many = polycythemia
too few = anemia

Question 4

Hgb

Answer 4

14-16 male
13-14 female

• carries O2 to tissues and CO2 to lungs
• each made up of 4 globin chanins (2 alpha, 2 beta)

Question 5

Hct

Answer 5

36-46%

• percentage of blood volume that consists of RBCs
• normally 3x Hgb
• ratio Hgb:HCT is 1:3

Question 6

WBCs = leukocytes

Answer 6

4,000-11,000 cells/mm3

too many = leukocytosis, lymphocytosis
too few = leukopenia, neutropenia

Question 7

2 categories of WBCs

Answer 7

1. GRANULOCYTES
   a. neutrophils 55% (ingest and destroy bacteria, but do
   survive process)
   i. bands-immature neutrophils
   ii. segs-mature neutrophils
   b. eosinophils 1-4% (see increase in allergic d/o, parasitic
   infections
   c. basophils < 1% (contain heparin and histamine
   released in response to exposure to allergens)
2. AGRANULOCYTES
   a. monocytes 3-7% (migrate to tissues and become
   macrophages)
   b. lymphocytes 36% (sometimes see increase, usually
   indicates viral infection)

Question 8

Neutropenia

Answer 8

ANC absolute neutrophil count < 2,000

-risk of infection associated with lower ANC and longer duration of low ANC

Question 9

Leukocytosis

Answer 9

ANC > 7,500/mm3

-increased number of WBCs in circulation, normal protective response to physiologic stressors (ie. infection, emotion, anesthesia, strenuous exercise, surgery)

Question 10

“shift to the left”

Answer 10

• indicates more immature forms of WBCs
• nucleus of mature WBC has several lobes (segments) connected by thin fibers
• more immature forms released in response to infection.

Question 11

Platelets = Thrombocytes

Answer 11

150,000-450,000/mm3

• thromboyctopenia: decrease # platelets (< 50,000)
• thrombocythemia: increase # platelets (> 600,000) present for @ least 2 mos.
• nurture endothelium of blood vessels
• when vascular injury occurs, platelets collect @ site and active to form platelet plug that temporarily stops bleeding.
• circulate in bloodstream for 7-10 days
• irriversibly inactivated by aspirin–stop aspirin 5-7 days before surgery

Question 12

Calculating ANC

Answer 12

(% Segs * % Bands) x total WBC