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HEMA LAB > CBC > Flashcards

CBC Flashcards

1
Q

The average human possesses __ liters of blood

A

5

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2
Q

What are the function of blood?

A
  • transports oxygen from lungs to tissues
  • clears tissues of co2
  • transports glucose, proteins, lipids
  • moves waste products to the liver and kidney
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3
Q

What is the liquid portion of blood?

A

plasma

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4
Q

Plasma provides ?

A

coagulation enzymes that protect the vessels and maintain circulation

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5
Q

Plasma transports & ________?

A

nourishes blood cells

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6
Q

What are the three types/categories of blood cells?

A

RBC or erythrocytes
WBC or leukocytes
PLTs or thrombocytes

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7
Q

It is the study of blood cells

A

hematology

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8
Q

Hematology is performed by________,_______,_____ and _______ the appearance, phenotype and genotype of all three types of cells, the medical lab professional is able to predict, detect and diagnose blood diseases and many systemic diseases that affect blood cells.

A
  • staining
  • counting
  • analyzing
  • recording
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9
Q

Physician rely on hematology laboratory test result to select and monitor therapy for these disorders; consequently, a ________ is ordered on nearly everyone who visits a physician or is admitted to hospital.

A

CBC

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10
Q

CBC is perfored on _________ and includes RBC, WBC, and platelet measurement.

A

automated blood cell analyzer

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11
Q

It is commonly used in routine blood check up and it is also a baseline test

A

CBC

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12
Q

In specimen collection medlab professional must ensure that:

A
  • the specimen must be of sufficient volume because “short draws” result in incorrect anticoagulation-to-blood ratios
  • the specimen must be tested and prepared for storage within appropriate time frame to ensure accurate analysis
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13
Q

Difference between out and in patient;

A

out patient:
done in extraction area
a dedicated phleb chair is present
also known as walk-ins
no schedule/appointment is needed

in patient:
done in bedside of px
ER-OR-Wards-ICU
some hospitals establish warding time for the phlebotomist to collect blood, not unless STAT sample is needed

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14
Q
A
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15
Q

The specimen must be accurately
registered in the work list

A

Accessioning

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16
Q

Accession may be automated, relying on _______ or ________ identification technology reducing instances of identification error.

A

-barcode
-radiofrequency

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17
Q

most laboratories employ automated blood
cell analyzers to generate the CBC.

A

Processing

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18
Q

Many blood cell analyzers also provide_______ on RBC, WBC, and platelet
morphology

A

Comments

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19
Q

When one of the results from the blood cell
analyzer is abnormal, the instrument provides an indication of this, sometimes called a _____

A

Flag

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20
Q

When there is abnormality in one ofthe result ____ examination is performed

A

Reflex blood film

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21
Q

A medical technologist should know how to_________________________

A

manually process each parameter in order to counter-check flags

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22
Q

Should there be________ in the result, or such circumstances where results are____________ compared to the reference ranges, it is just that the medical technologist should perform________

A

-abnormalities
-too high too low
-manual cbc

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23
Q

Describe rbc

A

RBCs are anucleate, biconcave, discoid cells filled
with a reddish protein, hemoglobin, which transports
oxygen and carbon dioxide

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24
Q

RBC appear appear _______ and measure______ in diameter with a ______ that occupies
one-third of their center, reflecting their biconcavity

A

-salmon pink
-7 to 8mm
-zone of pallor

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25
Q

Since before 1900, physicians and medical
laboratory professionals counted RBCs in
measured volumes to detect ____________

A

anemia or
polycythemia

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26
Q

What is anemia

A

means loss of oxygen-carrying
capacity and is often reflected in a reduced
RBC count or decreased RBC hemoglobin
concentration

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27
Q

What is polycythemia

A

means an increased RBC
count reflecting increased circulating RBC
mass, a condition that leads to
hyperviscosity

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28
Q

Historically, microscopists counted RBCs by
carefully___________________________

A

pipetting a tiny aliquot of whole blood and
mixing it with 0.85% (normal) saline

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29
Q

It matches the osmolality of
blood; consequently, the suspended RBCs
retained their intrinsic morphology, neither
swelling nor shrinking

A

Normal saline

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30
Q

A _______dilution was typical for RBC counts and a
glass pipette designed to provide this dilution, the
Thoma pipette, was used routinely until the advent
of automation.

A

1:200

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31
Q

The diluted blood was transferred to a glass
counting chamber called a ______

A

hemacytometer

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32
Q

Hemoglobin measurement relies on a weak solution
of _________________

A

potassium cyanide and potassium ferricyanide,
called Drabkin reagent

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33
Q

An aliquot of whole blood is mixed with a measured
volume of Drabkin reagent, hemoglobin is
converted to stable ___________

A

cyanmethemoglobin
(hemiglobincyanide)

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34
Q

HGB DET: what is the the absorbance or color intensity of the
solution is measured in a
spectrophotometer at ______ wavelength

A

540 nm

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35
Q

also caled a PCV

A

hematocrit

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36
Q

hematocrit :the normal ratio approaches

A

50%

37
Q

the ratio of the volume of packed RBCs to the
volume of whole blood
➔ manually determined by transferring blood to a
plastic tube with a uniform bore, centrifuging,
measuring the column of RBCs, and dividing by the
total length of the column of RBCs plus plasma.

A

hematocrit determination

38
Q

The ______ is a light-colored layer between
RBCs and plasma and contains WBCs and platelets

A

buffy coat

39
Q

it is excluded from the hematocrit determination

A

buffy coat

40
Q

what are the three numerical tests used by medical lab professional?

A

RBC count, HGB, and HCT, to compute
the RBC indices mean cell volume (MCV),
mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), and mean
cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

41
Q

Extreme RBC volume variability is visible on the
Wright-stained blood film as variation in diameter
and is called ______

A

anisocytosis

42
Q

_______ provide stable measurements for
internal quality control of automated blood cell
analyzers

A

rbc indices

43
Q

__________are used in
nearly all clinical laboratories to generate these
data, although visual examination of Wright-stained
blood film is essential to verify abnormal results.

A

automated blood cell analyzer

44
Q

What objective we usually use in blood film examination

A

oil immersion

45
Q

To accomplish a blood film examination, the
microscopist prepares a _______blood film
on a glass microscope slide, allows it to dry, and
fixes and stains it using Wright or Wright-Giemsa
stain.

A

“wedge-prep”

46
Q

The microscopist visually performs an estimate of
the WBC Count?

A

-40x or 50x obj. at 400x or 500x magnification
-Platelet count with 100x oil immersion objective at 1000x magnification

47
Q

The microscopist systematically reviews, identifies, and tabulates 100 (or more) WBCs to determine their ____

A

percent distribution

48
Q

What do you call the microscopist systematically reviews, identifies,
and tabulates 100 (or more) WBCs to determine
their percent distribution

A

WBC differential

49
Q

In the Wright-stained blood film, 0.5% to 2.5% of
RBCs exceed the 7- to 8-mm average diameter and
stain slightly blue-gray.

A

reticulocyte

50
Q

are a loosely related category of cell types
dedicated to protecting their host from infection and
injury

A

WBC

51
Q

WBCs are transported in the blood from their
source, usually __________________________to their tissue or body cavity destination.

A

bone marrow or lymphoid tissue,

52
Q

Decrease wbc

A

leukopenia

53
Q

Increase wbc

A

leukocytosis

54
Q

Phagocytic cells whose
major purpose is to engulf
and destroy
microorganisms and foreign material

A

Neutrophil

55
Q

The term segmented refers to their multilobed nuclei

A

neutrophil

56
Q

The cytoplasm of neutrophils contains ___________ filled with bactericidal
substances.

A

pink- or
lavender-staining granules

57
Q

An increase in neutrophils is called that causes signals bcterial infection

A

neutrophilia

58
Q

A decrease in neutrophils that often caused by certain medication or viral infection

A

neutropenia

59
Q

are slightly less mature
neutrophils with a nonsegmented
nucleus in a U or S shape

A

Bands

60
Q

An increase in bands also signals
bacterial infection and is
customarily called a______

A

left shift.

61
Q

are cells with round, bright
orange-red cytoplasmic granules
filled with proteins involved in
immune system regulation.

A

eaosinophils

62
Q

An elevated eosinophil count is
called _____

A

eosinophila

63
Q

Eosinophila often signals as a response to ______

A

allergy and parasitic infection

64
Q

are cells with dark purple,
irregular cytoplasmic granules
that obscure the nucleus.

A

basophils

65
Q

The basophil granules contain _________

A

histamines and various other
proteins.

66
Q

An elevated basophil count is called _______

A

basophilia

67
Q

Basophilia is rare and often signals a ______

A

hematologic disease.

68
Q

comprise a complex system of cells that provide for host
immunity.

A

lymphocytes

69
Q

On a Wright-stained blood film,most ______ are nearly
round, are slightly larger than
RBCs, and have round featureless
nuclei and a thin rim of nongranular cytoplasm.

A

lymphocytes

70
Q

An increase in the lymphocyte count is called

A

lymphocytosis

71
Q

lymphocytosis it is associated with _____

A

viral infection

72
Q

abnormally low lymphocyte count is called
_________

A

lymphopenia or lymphocytopenia

73
Q

lymphopenia or lymphocytopenia is associated with _____

A

drug therapy & immunodeficiency

74
Q

is an immature macrophage
passing through the blood from its
point of origin, usually the bone marrow, to a targeted tissue location

A

monocyte

75
Q

______are the most abundant cell type in the body
although monocytes comprise a minor component
of peripheral blood WBCs.

A

monocyte

76
Q

An increase in the number of monocytes is called
________

A

monocytosis

77
Q

Benign monocytosis may be found in
certain infections or in ________

A

inflammation

78
Q

a decreased monocyte count, so the theoretical
term _________ is seldom used.

A

monocytopenia

79
Q

size of the platelet

A

2-4mm in diameter, round or oval, anucleate

80
Q

are true blood cells that maintain
blood vessel integrity by
initiating vessel wall repairs

A

platelet

81
Q

Platelets rapidly adhere to the
surfaces of damaged blood
vessels, form aggregates with neighboring platelets
to plug the vessels, and secrete proteins and small
molecules that trigger ________

A

thrombosis, clot
formation.

82
Q

Elevated platelet counts, called _________

A

thrombocytosis

83
Q

Thrombocytosis __________ but convey modest intrinsic significance

A

signal inflammation or trauma

84
Q

A low platelet count, called

A

thrombocytopenia

85
Q

_______a common consequence of___________
and may be life-threatening.

A
  • thrombocytopenia
  • drug treatment
86
Q

a designated safety officer is a critical part of a
laboratory safety program. This individual has many
duties affecting staff including compliance with
existing regulations affecting the laboratory and
staff

A

safety officer

87
Q

four important occupational hazards in the
laboratory: ______________________

A

fire hazard, electrical hazard, chemical,
and needle puncture

88
Q
A

HEMA LAB (1 decks)

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