CBC Flashcards by Lea San Juan

The average human possesses __ liters of blood

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the function of blood?

transports oxygen from lungs to tissues
clears tissues of co2
transports glucose, proteins, lipids
moves waste products to the liver and kidney

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the liquid portion of blood?

plasma

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Plasma provides ?

coagulation enzymes that protect the vessels and maintain circulation

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Plasma transports & ________?

nourishes blood cells

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What are the three types/categories of blood cells?

RBC or erythrocytes
WBC or leukocytes
PLTs or thrombocytes

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It is the study of blood cells

hematology

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Hematology is performed by________,_______,_____ and _______ the appearance, phenotype and genotype of all three types of cells, the medical lab professional is able to predict, detect and diagnose blood diseases and many systemic diseases that affect blood cells.

staining
counting
analyzing
recording

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Physician rely on hematology laboratory test result to select and monitor therapy for these disorders; consequently, a ________ is ordered on nearly everyone who visits a physician or is admitted to hospital.

CBC

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

CBC is perfored on _________ and includes RBC, WBC, and platelet measurement.

automated blood cell analyzer

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

It is commonly used in routine blood check up and it is also a baseline test

CBC

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

In specimen collection medlab professional must ensure that:

the specimen must be of sufficient volume because “short draws” result in incorrect anticoagulation-to-blood ratios
the specimen must be tested and prepared for storage within appropriate time frame to ensure accurate analysis

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Difference between out and in patient;

out patient:
done in extraction area
a dedicated phleb chair is present
also known as walk-ins
no schedule/appointment is needed

in patient:
done in bedside of px
ER-OR-Wards-ICU
some hospitals establish warding time for the phlebotomist to collect blood, not unless STAT sample is needed

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

The specimen must be accurately
registered in the work list

Accessioning

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Accession may be automated, relying on _______ or ________ identification technology reducing instances of identification error.

-barcode
-radiofrequency

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

most laboratories employ automated blood
cell analyzers to generate the CBC.

Processing

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Many blood cell analyzers also provide_______ on RBC, WBC, and platelet
morphology

Comments

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When one of the results from the blood cell
analyzer is abnormal, the instrument provides an indication of this, sometimes called a _____

Flag

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

When there is abnormality in one ofthe result ____ examination is performed

Reflex blood film

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

A medical technologist should know how to_________________________

manually process each parameter in order to counter-check flags

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Should there be________ in the result, or such circumstances where results are____________ compared to the reference ranges, it is just that the medical technologist should perform________

-abnormalities
-too high too low
-manual cbc

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Describe rbc

RBCs are anucleate, biconcave, discoid cells filled
with a reddish protein, hemoglobin, which transports
oxygen and carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

RBC appear appear _______ and measure______ in diameter with a ______ that occupies
one-third of their center, reflecting their biconcavity

-salmon pink
-7 to 8mm
-zone of pallor

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Since before 1900, physicians and medical laboratory professionals counted RBCs in measured volumes to detect ____________

anemia or polycythemia

What is anemia

means loss of oxygen-carrying capacity and is often reflected in a reduced RBC count or decreased RBC hemoglobin concentration

What is polycythemia

means an increased RBC count reflecting increased circulating RBC mass, a condition that leads to hyperviscosity

Historically, microscopists counted RBCs by carefully___________________________

pipetting a tiny aliquot of whole blood and mixing it with 0.85% (normal) saline

It matches the osmolality of blood; consequently, the suspended RBCs retained their intrinsic morphology, neither swelling nor shrinking

Normal saline

A _______dilution was typical for RBC counts and a glass pipette designed to provide this dilution, the Thoma pipette, was used routinely until the advent of automation.

1:200

The diluted blood was transferred to a glass counting chamber called a ______

hemacytometer

Hemoglobin measurement relies on a weak solution of _________________

potassium cyanide and potassium ferricyanide, called Drabkin reagent

An aliquot of whole blood is mixed with a measured volume of Drabkin reagent, hemoglobin is converted to stable ___________

cyanmethemoglobin (hemiglobincyanide)

HGB DET: what is the the absorbance or color intensity of the solution is measured in a spectrophotometer at ______ wavelength

540 nm

also caled a PCV

hematocrit

hematocrit :the normal ratio approaches

50%

the ratio of the volume of packed RBCs to the volume of whole blood ➔ manually determined by transferring blood to a plastic tube with a uniform bore, centrifuging, measuring the column of RBCs, and dividing by the total length of the column of RBCs plus plasma.

hematocrit determination

The ______ is a light-colored layer between RBCs and plasma and contains WBCs and platelets

buffy coat

it is excluded from the hematocrit determination

buffy coat

what are the three numerical tests used by medical lab professional?

RBC count, HGB, and HCT, to compute the RBC indices mean cell volume (MCV), mean cell hemoglobin (MCH), and mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)

Extreme RBC volume variability is visible on the Wright-stained blood film as variation in diameter and is called ______

anisocytosis

_______ provide stable measurements for internal quality control of automated blood cell analyzers

rbc indices

__________are used in nearly all clinical laboratories to generate these data, although visual examination of Wright-stained blood film is essential to verify abnormal results.

automated blood cell analyzer

What objective we usually use in blood film examination

oil immersion

To accomplish a blood film examination, the microscopist prepares a _______blood film on a glass microscope slide, allows it to dry, and fixes and stains it using Wright or Wright-Giemsa stain.

“wedge-prep”

The microscopist visually performs an estimate of the WBC Count?

-40x or 50x obj. at 400x or 500x magnification -Platelet count with 100x oil immersion objective at 1000x magnification

The microscopist systematically reviews, identifies, and tabulates 100 (or more) WBCs to determine their ____

percent distribution

What do you call the microscopist systematically reviews, identifies, and tabulates 100 (or more) WBCs to determine their percent distribution

WBC differential

In the Wright-stained blood film, 0.5% to 2.5% of RBCs exceed the 7- to 8-mm average diameter and stain slightly blue-gray.

reticulocyte

are a loosely related category of cell types dedicated to protecting their host from infection and injury

WBC

WBCs are transported in the blood from their source, usually __________________________to their tissue or body cavity destination.

bone marrow or lymphoid tissue,

Decrease wbc

leukopenia

Increase wbc

leukocytosis

Phagocytic cells whose major purpose is to engulf and destroy microorganisms and foreign material

Neutrophil

The term segmented refers to their multilobed nuclei

neutrophil

The cytoplasm of neutrophils contains ___________ filled with bactericidal substances.

pink- or lavender-staining granules

An increase in neutrophils is called that causes signals bcterial infection

neutrophilia

A decrease in neutrophils that often caused by certain medication or viral infection

neutropenia

are slightly less mature neutrophils with a nonsegmented nucleus in a U or S shape

Bands

An increase in bands also signals bacterial infection and is customarily called a______

left shift.

are cells with round, bright orange-red cytoplasmic granules filled with proteins involved in immune system regulation.

eaosinophils

An elevated eosinophil count is called _____

eosinophila

Eosinophila often signals as a response to ______

allergy and parasitic infection

are cells with dark purple, irregular cytoplasmic granules that obscure the nucleus.

basophils

The basophil granules contain _________

histamines and various other proteins.

An elevated basophil count is called _______

basophilia

Basophilia is rare and often signals a ______

hematologic disease.

comprise a complex system of cells that provide for host immunity.

lymphocytes

On a Wright-stained blood film,most ______ are nearly round, are slightly larger than RBCs, and have round featureless nuclei and a thin rim of nongranular cytoplasm.

lymphocytes

An increase in the lymphocyte count is called

lymphocytosis

lymphocytosis it is associated with _____

viral infection

abnormally low lymphocyte count is called _________

lymphopenia or lymphocytopenia

lymphopenia or lymphocytopenia is associated with _____

drug therapy & immunodeficiency

is an immature macrophage passing through the blood from its point of origin, usually the bone marrow, to a targeted tissue location

monocyte

______are the most abundant cell type in the body although monocytes comprise a minor component of peripheral blood WBCs.

monocyte

An increase in the number of monocytes is called ________

monocytosis

Benign monocytosis may be found in certain infections or in ________

inflammation

a decreased monocyte count, so the theoretical term _________ is seldom used.

monocytopenia

size of the platelet

2-4mm in diameter, round or oval, anucleate

are true blood cells that maintain blood vessel integrity by initiating vessel wall repairs

platelet

Platelets rapidly adhere to the surfaces of damaged blood vessels, form aggregates with neighboring platelets to plug the vessels, and secrete proteins and small molecules that trigger ________

thrombosis, clot formation.

Elevated platelet counts, called _________

thrombocytosis

Thrombocytosis __________ but convey modest intrinsic significance

signal inflammation or trauma

A low platelet count, called

thrombocytopenia

_______a common consequence of___________ and may be life-threatening.

- thrombocytopenia - drug treatment

a designated safety officer is a critical part of a laboratory safety program. This individual has many duties affecting staff including compliance with existing regulations affecting the laboratory and staff

safety officer

four important occupational hazards in the laboratory: ______________________

fire hazard, electrical hazard, chemical, and needle puncture