Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Biology Paper 1 > CB2 - Cells and Control > Flashcards

CB2 - Cells and Control Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Describe Mitosis and include cell cycle.

A

Mitosis is diploid.
Cell cycle:
INTERPHASE : Cell grows and increase subcellular structure. Then duplicates DNA (forms x-shaped chromosomes)
PROPHASE : chromosomes condense. Membrane around nucleus breaks down and chromosomes lie free
METAPHASE : Chromosomes line up at centre of cell
ANAPHASE : Cell fibre pull chromosomes apart and go to opposite ends
TELOPHASE : Membrane form around set of chromosomes. Becomes nuclei of two new cells
CYTOKINESIS : Cytoplasm and cell membrane split.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Describe importance of mitosis in growth, repair and asexual reproduction?

A

Multicellular organism use mitosis to grow or to replace cells that have been damaged.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the division of a cell by mitosis as the production of two daughter cells.

A

At end of mitosis, cell produces 2 daughter cells. Contain exactly same set of chromosomes. They are genetically identical diploid cells and genetically identical to parent cell.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Describe cancer?

A

Rate at which cell divide by mitosis is controlled by genes. If change in one of genes, cell might divide uncontrollably. If tumour invades and destroying tissues is called cancer.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is tumour?

A

Mass of abnormal cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Describe growth in organism using cell division?

A

Happens by mitosis and is done in animals and plants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Describe growth in organism using cell differentiation?

A

Process which a cell changes to become specialised for the job. Allows multicellular organism to work better. Done in animals and plants.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Describe growth in organism using cell elongation?

A

Where plants expands and makes cell bigger and making plant grow.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Explain the importance of cell differentiation in the development of specialised cells?

A

If there are no cell differentiation, cells wont be able to have any specialised cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How is percentile charts used to monitor growth?

A

There is an overall pattern in development and can see any problems and plotted on growth charts.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Describe function of embryonic stem cell?

A

Have potential to divide and produce in any kind of cell. Found in the Human embryos. All different cells come from the few cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describe function of Adult stem cell?

A

Found in certain places like bone marrow. Cant produce any cell, only certain ones and used to repair damaged cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Describe the function of Meristems?

A

Used for growing and found in tips of roots and shoots. Produce unspecialised cell that are able to to divide and form
any cell types.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the potential benefits and risks for use of stem cells in medicine?

A

Benefits:
- Use adult stem cell to cure some disease
- Extracting stem cells from human embryos and specialising the cells.
Risks:
- There might be a tumour development where stem cell divide uncontrollably
- There might be a rejection where the patient body may recognise it as foreign an start an immune response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the function of the Medulla oblongata?

A

Controls unconscious activities like breathing and heart rate .

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the function of the Cerebellum?

A

Responsible for muscle coordination and balance.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the function of the cerberum?

A

Largest part of brain. Divided into two cerebral hemisphere.

18
Q

What is the function of the cerebral hemphisre?

A

Right hemisphere:
Controls muscles on left side of the body.

Different part of cerebrum are responsible including movement, intelligence, memory, language and vision.

19
Q

Explain CT scan?

A

Uses x-rays to produce image of brain.
Shows main structure in brain.
If CT scan shows a damaged brain structure and patient has lost some function and can be worked out.

20
Q

Explain PET scan?

A

Uses radioactive chemicals to show active parts of brain.
Very detailed and can investigate structure and function in real time.
Can show areas of brain that are inactive or active and can study disorder using PET scan.

21
Q

Why is it difficult to treat problems in Brain and other parts?

A
  • Hard to repair damages in nervous system as neurones don’t repair themselves.
  • A tumour in brain can be very hard to access
  • Treating problems in nervous system may lead to permeant damage
22
Q

What are sensory receptors?

A

Groups of cells that can detect a change in your environment (Stimulus)

23
Q

What are Sensory neurones?

A

One long dendron carries nerve impulses from receptor cells to cell body. One short axon carries impulse from body to CNS.

24
Q

What are Relay neurones?

A

Many short dendrites carry impulse form sensory to cell body. Axon carries impulse to motor neurone.

25
Q

What are Motor neurones?

A

Many short dendrites carry impulse from CNS to body. One long axon carries impulse form body to effector cells.

26
Q

What are synapses?

A

Connection between 2 neurones. Nerve signal transferred by chemicals called neurotransmitter and diffuse across gap.

27
Q

What is an Axon?

A

Nerve fibre that carries nerve impulses away from cell body.

28
Q

What is an dendron?

A

Carry nerve impulses towards cell body.

29
Q

What is Myelin sheath?

A

Acts as an electrical insulator and speeds up electrical impulse.

30
Q

CNS coordinates a response

A

Stimulus -> Receptor -> Sensory neurones -> CNS -> Motor neurone -> Effector -> Response

31
Q

Explain Reflex arc?

A

When stimulus detected by receptors, impulses sent along sensory neurone to a relay neurone in CNS. The impulse jumps across synapse between sensory and relay neurone and the impulses jump across form relay to motor neurone. Impulse go to the effector and it takes place.

32
Q

What is the function of the Cornea?

A

Refracts light into eye.

33
Q

What is the function of the lens?

A

Refracts light focusing it onto retina.

34
Q

What is the function of the Iris?

A

Controls how much light enters pupil

35
Q

What is the function of the retina?

A

Light sensitive and covered in receptors called rods and cones.

36
Q

What is the function of the Rods?

A

Sensitive in dim light but can’t see colour.

37
Q

What is the function of the Cones?

A

Sensitive to different colours but not good in dim light.

38
Q

Short-sighted

A
  • Distant objects are blurry
  • Eyeball too long
  • Lens are thick
  • You can use diverging lens to correct it
39
Q

Long-sighted

A
  • Close objects are blurry
  • Eyeball is to short
  • Cornea not corrected
  • You can use converging lens to correct it
40
Q

Colour blindness

A
  • Some colours cant be seen
  • Some cones don’t work
41
Q

Cataracts

A
  • Everything appears misty
  • Build up of protein in front of lens
  • Lens replaced with plastic one
42
Q

A student investigated mitosis in the root tip of a garlic plant.
(i) Explain why the student used the tip of the root.

A

Contains meristem cells for growth

Biology Paper 1 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions