Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

GCSE Biology > CB2 > Flashcards

CB2 Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
GCSE Geography - AQA flashcards AP® Biology flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route B flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Edexcel Route A flashcards GCSE Religious Studies - Eduqas Route B flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Prophase

A

Spindle fibres form in the cell and the nuclear membrane starts to disappear.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Metaphase

A

Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.

1st part of Mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Anaphase

A

The chromosomes are pulled apart by spindle fibres.

2nd part of Mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Telophase

A

The single chromosomes arrive at opposite ends of the cell and the membranes around each nucleus start to form again.
3rd part of Mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cytokinesis

A

The cytoplasm of the cell separates and the cell membrane divides the cell into two daughter cells.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Interphase

A

The DNA in the cell is copied, making X-shapes, each containing a chromosome and its copy, beginning the next cell division cycle.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Sensory neurones

A

The neurones that carry information as electrical impulses from the receptors to the CNS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Motor neurones

A

The neurones that carry electrical impulses from the CNS to effectors.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Effectors

A

All your muscles and glands, which respond to nervous impulses.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Receptors

A

The cells that detect stimuli

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Reflexes

A

Rapid, automatic responses to certain stimuli that DON’T involve the conscious part of the brain.
Prevents injuries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Adaptations of the sperm cell

A

Long tail and streamlined head to help it swim
Lots of mitochondria in the cell to provide it with energy
Carries enzymes to digest through egg cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Adaptations of the nerve cell

A

Long, to cover more distance

Branched connections at their ends to connect to other nerve cells and form a network throughout the body.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Adaptations of the female egg cells

A

Lots of cytoplasm as food for energy making it very large.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Adaptations of the muscle cell

A

Long, so they have space to contract

Lots of mitochondria to generate energy needed for contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Adaptations of the root hair cell

A

On the surface of plant roots, which grow into long “hairs” that stick out into the soil.
Big surface area for absorbing water and mineral ions from the soil.

17
Q

Adaptations of phloem and xylem cells

A

Long and joined end to end to form xylem and phloem tubes
Xylem cells are hollow in the centre
Phloem cells have very few sub cellular structures, so that water can flow through them.

18
Q

Function of a sperm cell

A

Specialised for reproduction to get the male DNA to the female DNA

19
Q

Function of a nerve cell

A

To carry electrical signals from one part of the body to another.

20
Q

Function of the muscle cell

A

To contract quickly

21
Q

Function of the root hair cell

A

Specialised for absorbing water and minerals.

22
Q

Function of phloem and xylem cells

A

Transport food and water around plants in xylem and phloem tubes.

23
Q

The Central Nervous System is made up of…

A

Brain
Spinal Cord
Nerves
Sense Organs

24
Q

3 stages that plants go through as they grow

A

Cell division
Cell elongation
Cell differentiation

25
Q

Define diploid

A

Containing 2 sets of chromosomes, one from each parent

26
Q

Define haploid

A

Having a single set of unpaired chromosomes

27
Q

Define asexual reproduction

A

Offspring from single organism, same DNA, clones

28
Q

Stem cells are…

A

Cells that haven’t differentiated yet, and can go on to become a number of different types of cells.

29
Q

What is a specialised cell?

A

Where an unspecialised cell turns into a very specific cell with a very specific function and specific adaptations.

30
Q

Mitosis is…

A

A type of cell division where new genetically identical cells are created.

31
Q

Embryonic stem cells are…

A

The unspecialised cells of an early-stage embryo

32
Q

Adult stem cells are…

A

Stem cells that can only produce the type of specialised cells in the tissue around them.

33
Q

How do you calculate the percentage change in mass?

A

Final value - starting value
——————————— x 100%
Starting value

34
Q

The myelin sheath is…

A

A fatty sheath around the nerve that insulated the nerves and allows impulses to travel faster.

35
Q

What is the function of the dendrites?

A

They receive impulses from receptor cells.

36
Q

What is the function of an axon terminal?

A

They pass impulses to other neurones.

37
Q

A stimulus is…

A

Anything your body is sensitive to, including changes in your body and your surroundings.

38
Q

The pathway of a nerve impulse

A 
Stimulus 
Detected at receptor cells
Passed along sensory neurone
Impulse travels to CNS
Impulse passed along motor neurone 
Effector receives impulse 
Response

GCSE Biology (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions