CAUSES World War I Flashcards
Three Emperor’s League
LT - Germany, Russia, Austria-Hungary; made to isolate France, 1873
Dual Alliance
LT - Germany, Austria-Hungary; made to help each other if attacked by Russia, 1879
Three Emperor’s Alliance
LT - Russia, Germany, Austria-Hungary; promised neutrality if one country went to war with another power, 1881
Triple Alliance
LT - Germany, Italy, Austria-Hungary; promised assistance if 2 or more attacked one of the powers, 1882
Reinsurance Treaty
LT - Germany, Russia; aimed to avoid the risk of war on two fronts, 1887
Anglo-French Entente
LT - Britain, France; aimed to settle colonial disputes, 1902
Long-Term: MAIN
Militarism
Alliance System
Imperialism
Nationalism
Weltpolitik
LT - lapse of Reinsurance Treaty resulted in
- France not being isolated
- Germany being vulnerable on two fronts
- focused on making Germany a colonial power
Social Darwinism
LT - belief that Western civilization must spread; expansionism is “God’s work”
Jameson Raid
LT - Cecil Rhodes tried to overthrow the Boer government, Kaiser Wilhelm sent a telegram to Kruger (Boer leader), congratulated him on ‘preserving the state’. British saw it as German meddling in private affairs.
Naval Race
LT - increased tensions that contributed to Britain’s willingness to go to war
Tensions in the Balkans
LT - Turkey, Austria-Hungary, Russia all wanted to expand to the Balkans before 1914.
Bosnian Crisis
ST - internal crisis caused by Young Turks revolting in Ottoman Empire; Russia forced to accept Austria-Hungary’s annexation of Bosnia-Herzegovina
1st Moroccan Crisis
ST - Germans announced support of Moroccan Sultan in order to retain independence; failed to undermine Anglo-French Entente and instead strengthened it; key threat to British affairs, 1905
2nd Moroccan Crisis
ST - Germans saw French helping Sultan as Moroccan takeover; sent German gunboat to Agadir to persuade French into cooperating; implied threat of war; increased tensions between Britain and Germany, 1911
Gunboat Diplomacy
diplomacy that implied threat of war; so named after 2nd Moroccan Crisis
First/Second Balkan Wars
ST - 1912/1913; Austria ended up convinced that it had to crush Serbia. First: Serbia, Greece and Montenegro formed Balkan Alliance to drive Turkey out from Balkans; resulted in creation of ALBANIA: A/H’s effort to contain Serbia. Second: Bulgaria went to war against Serbia + Greece; resulted in Serbia’s victory and expansion.
July Crisis
1914; assassination of Archduke Franz Ferdinand by Gavrilo Principe of the Black Hand movement
Blank Cheque
Kaiser issued unconditional support to Austria on 5th July 1914
Ultimatum
Austria issued demands to Serbia on the assumption that Serbia would never agree to them anyway, resulted in war.
