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BRMB History > Causes of WWI > Flashcards

Causes of WWI Flashcards

1
Q

Why was there a surge in nationalism after the annexation of Bosnia in 1908?

A

The annexation of Bosnia meant that Serbia was denied the chance of an Adriatic port by the Austrian expansion into 375 miles of predominantly Slavic territory.
More slavs were also under foreign control

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2
Q

What affect did the fall of the ottoman empire have on the aims of Balkan powers

A

It was the Balkan States who wanted to support those ethnic minorities they believed to be living under Turkish oppression

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3
Q

What year was the Italian attack on Tripoli

A

1911 - war with Turkey in 1912

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4
Q

Who was the Russian Ambassador to Serbia, was instrumental in forming the Balkan League

A

Nicholas Hartwig

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5
Q

When did Bulgaria and Serbia form an alliance

A

Spring 1912

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6
Q

What did Greece and Montenegro do in May 1912

A

Join Serbia and Bulgaria to form the Balkan League

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7
Q

The league only agreed on one thing …

A

The removal of the ottomans from the Balkans

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8
Q

What year and months did the various nations in the league declare war

A

September (Bulgaria) and October 1912

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9
Q

what treaty after the First balkan war failed to properly address the desires of the Balkan nations

A

Treaty of London 1913

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10
Q

When did Bulgaria launch their surprise attack on Serbia

A

28th June 1913

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11
Q

After the defeat of Bulgaria what happened to Serbia

A

The Treaty of Bucharest granted them significant amounts of Bulgarian land and the country doubled in size.

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12
Q

Consequences of the Balkan wars for Serbia

A
  • Now the significant power in the region
  • Angry at Austria-Hungary for their part in the treaty of London
  • Nationalist groups such as the Black hand began to emerge
  • HOWEVER Bulgaria lost hope in pan-slavism and moved towwards the control of A-H
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13
Q

In july 1913 the German Army reached what milestone

A

Largest army it had ever had

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14
Q

What was signed between Britain and France in 1912

A

Anglo-French Naval agreement - British naval protection given to France in case of German attack

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15
Q

What date was the assasination of AD Franz Ferdinand

A

28th June 1914

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16
Q

What was the Austrian reaction to the assassination

A

a personal level Emperor Franz Joseph was far from devastated by the death of his nephew; he didn’t think he was conservative enough and he disapproved of his marriage to the non-royal Sophie Chotek - Austrians, however, were appalled by the assassination

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17
Q

Who was pushing for an immediate invasion of serbia

A

Chief of Staff Conrad von Hotzendorf

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18
Q

The Austrians knew that Russia would support their client state so what did they do

A

Look for a guarantee of German support

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19
Q

What date was the ‘blank cheque handed to Austria

A

5th July

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20
Q

What promise did Germany make in the Blank cheque

A

‘Austria can rest assured that His Majesty will faithfully stand by Austria Hungary as is required by the obligations of its alliance’

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21
Q

By the 14th of July what had Austria decided

A

they would go to war but they decided to first draw up an ultimatum

22
Q

When did the Austrians send the ultimatum

A

23rd July - it must be responded to in 48 hrs and the Serbians must agree to all terms

23
Q

what are some areas of debate around the ultimatum

A
  • the ultimatum was meant to be impossible to agree to however serbia nearly agreed to all terms due to their exhausted army this shows that war could have been easily avoided if A-H had been willing to have further negotiations
24
Q

What was Russia’s response to the ultimatum

A

25th they promised to go to the limit in defence of Serbia - not necessarily military support

25
Q

When did A-H declare war on Serbia

A

28th July 1914

26
Q

When was Belgrade finally taken

A

30th Nov

27
Q

When did Germany begin to mobilise

A

30th July - Moltke was also sending telegrams to A-H encouraging their mobilisation

27
Q

When did Germany begin to mobilise

A

30th July - Moltke was also sending telegrams to

28
Q

When did Russia begin full mobilisation

A

30th July

29
Q

When did A-H fully mobilise

A

31st July

30
Q

When did Germany declare war on Russia

A

1st August

31
Q

France was committed to offering military support to Russia because of what agreement

A

Dual Entente

32
Q

When did Germany declare war on France

A

3rd August 1914

33
Q

In what treaty had Britain and Germany agreed to protect the neutrality of Belgium

A

Treaty of London 1839 - Germany had violated this by carrying out the Schlieffen plan

34
Q

Edward Grey - British Foreign secretary stalled not declaring war on anyone for as long as possible what might have been different if he had shown their true loyalties

A

It has since been said that if Britain had stated clearly his support for
France then Germany wouldn’t have proceeded so far in its mobilisation

35
Q

Britians response to the invasion of Belgium

A

4th August - sent an ultimatum to germany to withdraw their troops or face war
- germany ignored and war was declared the same day

36
Q

A-H motives for war

A
  • Long-held desire to crush Serbia
    ~ Believed lack of action would expose the decline of their empire
    ~ Believed full mobilisation was needed or they would be exposed to an
    attack from Russia
37
Q

German motives for war

A

~ They were initially outraged by the assassination which prompted the
‘blank cheque’
~ Military officials wanted a small-scale war against Russia before its
armies grew to large
~ Moltke was keen to show his authority in Germany

38
Q

Russian motives for war

A

~ They were determined not to lose their title as ‘Protector of Slavs’
~ Generals asserted themselves onto Tsar and pushed for general
mobilisation
~ Concerns over the strength of the Russian army may have convinced
officials that mobilisation before the other Powers was better

39
Q

France’s motives for war

A

~ Motivated by fear of a strong Germany and their want of revanche
~ They had to support Russia according to the terms of the Dual Alliance
~ Wanted to persuade Britain to announce support for France and Russia
in the hope it would encourage Germany to back down

40
Q

Britain motives for war

A

~ Grey was mildly anti-German but mainly hoped to not make any
commitments
~ Lloyd George was the highest-ranking cabinet member opposed to war, however, his opposition dropped after the invasion of Belgium
~ Defence of Belgium was an excuse not an actual binding
The Coming of War, 1911-17 10

41
Q

Italy initially declared its neutrality on 2nd August 1914

A

many felt this broke the terms of the triple alliance

42
Q

Italy’s motives for war

A
  • if they stayed neutral it was likely that they would be treated harshly post war
  • they wanted Tyrol and Istria
  • the British promised Italy these lands during negotiations in 1915
43
Q

Treaty of London between the allies and Italy signed on 26th April 1915
When did Italy declare war?

A

Declared war on A-H on the 24th May 1915

44
Q

why would America not want to join the war

A
  • Public favoured isolationism
  • they saw the wars as monarchies fighting it out (they didn’t like European politics
  • War brought economic instability
45
Q

Financial reasons for intervention

A

The US were trading more with the allies (Britains naval blockade)
The British were borrowing money so if the allies lost they wouldn’t get it back

46
Q

Sinking of the Lusitania

A

7th May 1915 - sunk by german U-boat

still 2 years before declaration of war though

47
Q

when was Unrestricted submarine warfare restarted

A

1st Feb 1917

48
Q

The Zimmerman telegram

A

German foregin minister proposes mexico should invade the USA in retune for an alliance with the central powers

49
Q

when did the US declare war

A

2nd April Congress voted for war

6th April the US went to war

BRMB History (3 decks)

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