Causes of Visual Impairments Flashcards
Achromatopsia
an inherited retinal condition causing extreme light sensitivity (i.e., day blindness), as well as reduced visual acuity and color discrimination.
Amblyopia
Reduced vision in one eye caused by abnormal visual development early in life. Develops when there is a breakdown in how the brain and eye work together, and the brain can’t recognize the sight from one eye
Albinism
a group of inherited disorders where there is little or no production of the pigment melanin in the eyes, body, or both
Aniridia
Condition that affects the iris. Little to no iris is present in both eyes.
Area of the eye and/or brain is affected: Iris, pupil, macula
Anophthalmia
The congenital absence of the eyeball.
Aphakia
The absence of the lens of the eye.
is commonly caused by surgery, specifically surgery for cataracts.
Astigmatism
when the cornea or lens is not shaped correctly.
Buphthalmos
Recognizable enlargement of the eye, typically in young children under the age of 3. And is typically a symptom of childhood glaucoma.
Cataract
Clouding of eye vision. It is commonly caused by aging and the degradation of the lens.
CHARGE Syndrome
affects the optic fissure, causing a coloboma, this is caused when normal eye tissue does not fuse together correctly.
Chorioretinitis
occurs when the lining of the retina deep in the eye (choroid) becomes inflamed.
CMV Retinitis
A sight-threatening diseases than can be one of the complications of patients with Active AIDS
It can cause decreased acuity, decreased fields, and retinal detachments
Coat’s Disease
is a rare disorder defined as the abnormal development of blood vessels in the retina that leak fluid and blood under the retina
Coloboma
A condition where normal eye tissue is missing due to failure of eye development early in gestation.
Conjunctivitis
Also known as “red or pink eye”, is when one or both eyes usually get color red and sometimes swollen or irritated by an infection or allergies
Corneal Dystrophy
is build-up abnormal material within the 5 layers of the cornea. This is a rare genetic eye disorder that affects both eyes and progresses slowly.
Cortical Visual Impairment (CVI)
caused from an injury to the brain.
Diabetic Retinopathy
is an eye disease caused by diabetes. This happens when high blood sugar levels cause damage to blood vessels in the retina (light sensitive tissue at the back of the eye). The longer you have diabetes and the less controlled your blood sugar is, the more likely you are to develop this eye complication.
Enucleation
is the surgical procedure that involves removal of the eye following disease or severe injury to an eye.
Essential Blepharospasm
IT is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions and spasms of the eyelid muscles. This happens when part of the brain that controls your eyelid muscles stops working correctly.
Glaucoma
Damage to the optic nerve when there is too much fluid built up in the eye which results in an increased pressures in the eye.
Hemianopsia
a condition in which a person sees out of one side of the eye.
Histoplasmosis
is a condition that can develop in the eyes that is caused by having a lung disease
Keratoconus
When the cornea becomes a cone shape because it has become thin and bulges. The light is distorted coming through the cornea so the eye cannot focus properly.
Lazy Eye
Poor Vision in one eye, extremely rare to happen in both eyes. Typically developed in the early stages of life, happens because when there is a breakdown between the eye and the brain. Either the brain relies on one eye more or the brain can’t recognize the information coming from one eye.
Leber’s Congenital Amaurosis
It is a rare eye disease that is inherited and present at birth. As well, it is the most common visual impairment that is inherited. There is a 25% chance of inheriting the disorder if both parents carry the recessive gene.
Macular Degeneration
is generally caused by age and is when a part of the retina, the macula, is damaged
Microphthalmia
a condition that occurs during pregnancy and before birth.one or both eyeballs are unusually small, sometimes may appear to be completely missing, but there is still some remaining eye tissue
Nystagmus
a disorder of involuntary eye movements that can reduce or interfere with vision and is common finding in many eye diseases.
Ocular Hypertension
A condition in which the pressure inside the eye, intraocular pressure (IOP), is higher than normal, but the eye is able to tolerate the high levels of pressure due to the resilience in the nerves.
Optic Nerve Hypoplasia (ONH)
A congenital condition in which the optic nerve is underdeveloped resulting in a small optic nerve.
Peter’s Anomaly
Is an eye disorder that affects the front part of the eye, provoking clouding of the cornea, this can lead to blurred vision.
Photophobia
is also known as light sensitivity.
Phthisis bulbi
occurs when there is some sort of trauma to the eye or a disease that is impacting the eye. The symptoms vary but can include partial vision loss, swelling or redness, pain, and total vision loss.
Presbyopia
Is the gradual loss of your eye’s ability to focus clearly on nearby objects. It is also known as age-related farsightedness.
Proptosis
abnormal protrusion or displacement of an eye
