Causes of Visual Impairments

Question 1

Achromatopsia

Answer 1

an inherited retinal condition causing extreme light sensitivity (i.e., day blindness), as well as reduced visual acuity and color discrimination.

Question 2

Amblyopia

Answer 2

Reduced vision in one eye caused by abnormal visual development early in life. Develops when there is a breakdown in how the brain and eye work together, and the brain can’t recognize the sight from one eye

Question 3

Albinism

Answer 3

a group of inherited disorders where there is little or no production of the pigment melanin in the eyes, body, or both

Question 4

Aniridia

Answer 4

Condition that affects the iris. Little to no iris is present in both eyes.
Area of the eye and/or brain is affected: Iris, pupil, macula

Question 5

Anophthalmia

Answer 5

The congenital absence of the eyeball.

Question 6

Aphakia

Answer 6

The absence of the lens of the eye.

is commonly caused by surgery, specifically surgery for cataracts.

Question 7

Astigmatism

Answer 7

when the cornea or lens is not shaped correctly.

Question 8

Buphthalmos

Answer 8

Recognizable enlargement of the eye, typically in young children under the age of 3. And is typically a symptom of childhood glaucoma.

Question 9

Cataract

Answer 9

Clouding of eye vision. It is commonly caused by aging and the degradation of the lens.

Question 10

CHARGE Syndrome

Answer 10

affects the optic fissure, causing a coloboma, this is caused when normal eye tissue does not fuse together correctly.

Question 11

Chorioretinitis

Answer 11

occurs when the lining of the retina deep in the eye (choroid) becomes inflamed.

Question 12

CMV Retinitis

Answer 12

A sight-threatening diseases than can be one of the complications of patients with Active AIDS
It can cause decreased acuity, decreased fields, and retinal detachments

Question 13

Coat’s Disease

Answer 13

is a rare disorder defined as the abnormal development of blood vessels in the retina that leak fluid and blood under the retina

Question 14

Coloboma

Answer 14

A condition where normal eye tissue is missing due to failure of eye development early in gestation.

Question 15

Conjunctivitis

Answer 15

Also known as “red or pink eye”, is when one or both eyes usually get color red and sometimes swollen or irritated by an infection or allergies

Question 16

Corneal Dystrophy

Answer 16

is build-up abnormal material within the 5 layers of the cornea. This is a rare genetic eye disorder that affects both eyes and progresses slowly.

Question 17

Cortical Visual Impairment (CVI)

Answer 17

caused from an injury to the brain.

Question 18

Diabetic Retinopathy

Answer 18

is an eye disease caused by diabetes. This happens when high blood sugar levels cause damage to blood vessels in the retina (light sensitive tissue at the back of the eye). The longer you have diabetes and the less controlled your blood sugar is, the more likely you are to develop this eye complication.

Question 19

Enucleation

Answer 19

is the surgical procedure that involves removal of the eye following disease or severe injury to an eye.

Question 20

Essential Blepharospasm

Answer 20

IT is a progressive neurological disorder characterized by involuntary muscle contractions and spasms of the eyelid muscles. This happens when part of the brain that controls your eyelid muscles stops working correctly.

Question 21

Glaucoma

Answer 21

Damage to the optic nerve when there is too much fluid built up in the eye which results in an increased pressures in the eye.

Question 22

Hemianopsia

Answer 22

a condition in which a person sees out of one side of the eye.

Question 23

Histoplasmosis

Answer 23

is a condition that can develop in the eyes that is caused by having a lung disease

Question 24

Keratoconus

Answer 24

When the cornea becomes a cone shape because it has become thin and bulges. The light is distorted coming through the cornea so the eye cannot focus properly.

Question 25

Lazy Eye

Answer 25

Poor Vision in one eye, extremely rare to happen in both eyes. Typically developed in the early stages of life, happens because when there is a breakdown between the eye and the brain. Either the brain relies on one eye more or the brain can’t recognize the information coming from one eye.

Question 26

Leber’s Congenital Amaurosis

Answer 26

It is a rare eye disease that is inherited and present at birth. As well, it is the most common visual impairment that is inherited. There is a 25% chance of inheriting the disorder if both parents carry the recessive gene.

Question 27

Macular Degeneration

Answer 27

is generally caused by age and is when a part of the retina, the macula, is damaged

Question 28

Microphthalmia

Answer 28

a condition that occurs during pregnancy and before birth.one or both eyeballs are unusually small, sometimes may appear to be completely missing, but there is still some remaining eye tissue

Question 29

Nystagmus

Answer 29

a disorder of involuntary eye movements that can reduce or interfere with vision and is common finding in many eye diseases.

Question 30

Ocular Hypertension

Answer 30

A condition in which the pressure inside the eye, intraocular pressure (IOP), is higher than normal, but the eye is able to tolerate the high levels of pressure due to the resilience in the nerves.

Question 31

Optic Nerve Hypoplasia (ONH)

Answer 31

A congenital condition in which the optic nerve is underdeveloped resulting in a small optic nerve.

Question 32

Peter’s Anomaly

Answer 32

Is an eye disorder that affects the front part of the eye, provoking clouding of the cornea, this can lead to blurred vision.

Question 33

Photophobia

Answer 33

is also known as light sensitivity.

Question 34

Phthisis bulbi

Answer 34

occurs when there is some sort of trauma to the eye or a disease that is impacting the eye. The symptoms vary but can include partial vision loss, swelling or redness, pain, and total vision loss.

Question 35

Presbyopia

Answer 35

Is the gradual loss of your eye’s ability to focus clearly on nearby objects. It is also known as age-related farsightedness.

Question 36

Proptosis

Answer 36

abnormal protrusion or displacement of an eye