Causes of the Industrial Revolution in Britain Flashcards

1
Q

Define the Industrial Revolution

A

A period of time usually 1750-1900 when Britain experienced social and economic changes from cottage to factory based systems

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2
Q

Why is banking considered to be a cause of the Industrial Revolution?

A

Because it funded business ventures and start-ups

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3
Q

Why are Thomas Newcomen’s steam engine and the Spinning Jenny credited with making the Industrial Revolution possible?

A

Because the engine was the proto-type for steam-powered factories and the Spinning Jenny revolutionised the textile industry

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4
Q

How many banks had been established by 1784?

A

119

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5
Q

How many banks had been established by 1800?

A

800

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6
Q

Why was banking seen to be secure in Britain?

A

Because the exchange of receipts or bills for gold deposits was the beginning of paper currency

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7
Q

What were county banks allowed to do alongside city banks in 1797?

A

Issue bank notes/paper currency

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8
Q

What was removed from small country banks in 1826 to enable them to grow into joint stock banks?

A

A cap on banks to give them the right to issue notes

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9
Q

What was the name of the first joint stock bank?

A

Lancashire Banking Company 1826

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10
Q

Why was Britain credited with being the ‘workshop of the world’?

A

Because it was the first country to have an advanced industrial revolution by the mid 1800s

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11
Q

By how many million pounds of cotton did importations increase by between 1761 and 1833?

A

297 million

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12
Q

Name 2 machines which transformed the cotton industry? 2 marks

A

Samuel Crompton’s Spinning Mule in 1779 and Richard Arkwright’s Water Frame in 1769

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13
Q

Give 3 reasons/factors that caused the industrial revolution. 3 marks

A

Technology, banking, entrepreneurs, natural resources, small country/easy to travel to the coast, navigable rivers, peaceful country, stable government, protestant work ethic

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14
Q

Why was Lancashire good for cotton mills? 2 reasons.

A

Cool climate stopped the cotton thread from splitting and close to the port of Liverpool, slave trade port and access to trading links, eastern coast closer to American trade, Manchester to Liverpool railway built in 1830

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15
Q

In what areas of the UK did the industrial revolution thrive?

A

North west = textile manufacturing, north east = mining, Midlands = engineering

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16
Q

Why did the industrial revolution thrive in certain areas?

A

Cheap resources e.g. coal seams, close to ports for trade, slave trade ports

17
Q

Which farming invention promoted greater productivity in agricultural areas?

A

Andrew Meikle’s trheshing machine in 1789

18
Q

What is the main difference between the mechanisation in the agricultural south and the industrial north?

A

In the south it served to reduce the need for human labour while in the north it created a demand for it

19
Q

How would you describe the south-west and south-east of Britain during the Industrial Revolution?

A

agricultural/farming/agrarian

20
Q

What areas of the UK were transformed into industrial centres as a result of the Industrial Revolution?

A

Glasgow/Clyde Valley, Welsh Valleys, some parts of Cornwall exported tin, north east, north west, midlands

21
Q

Which transportation systems were prevalent in the 1700s?

A

canals, roads, toll roads

22
Q

When was did railways really begin to herald the dawn of a new transportation age?

A

1830s

23
Q

Why was the Statute of Artificers Act repealed?

A

To stop the regulation of wages/a boost to laissez-faire policies

24
Q

When were ‘laissez-faire’ economic policies in operation and what were they designed to do?

A

1800-1830 - designed to encourage business/production/the industrial revolution

25
Q

How did the Industrial Revolution impact on the social structure of Britain?

A

creation of an urban working-class and the creation of the middle-class

26
Q

When was the Great Exhibition?

A

1851

27
Q

Why was the Great Exhibition important?

A

Because it showcased the inventions of the industrial revolution, international event, many thousands attended it

28
Q

Name 2 ‘new’ industrial cities in England.

A

Manchester, Birmingham, Leeds, Bradford, Bolton, Halifax, etc.

29
Q

What benefits did the industrial revolution bring to the urban working-class?

A

creation of class-consciousness, rise of trade unionism to protest rights, eventual rise in living standards.

30
Q

What drawbacks did the industrial revolution bring to the urban working-class?

A

changes to working practices, break-up of families, loss of control over families, poor living and working conditions, wage-slaves rather than masters, etc