Causes of the Civil War and Reconstruction Flashcards
SEARS
Sectionalism, Election of Lincoln, Abolitionists, Rights of States’, Slavery
Sectionalism
The growing tension between the North and South due to the Missouri Compromise, different economies, and the debate on slavery
Election of Lincoln
The immediate cause of the war because the South thought Lincoln was going to end slavery
Abolitionists
People who wanted to end slavery
Rights of States (States’ Rights)
The right of the states to choose whether they wanted slavery or not. Also could be called popular sovereignty
Slavery
The main cause of the Civil War, caused the North and South to be against each other
Missouri Compromise
When Missouri tried to gain entry as a slave state Congress balanced the power between Slave states and free states by bringing in Maine as a free state. Caused growing tensions between North and South
Characteristics of the North
Urban, lots of jobs, big population, cities, manufacturing and trading was main economy
Characteristics of the South
Rural, plantations, slavery, less population, farming and cotton are main economy
Characteristics of the West
Wild, untamed, where everyone is moving and bringing their slaves, source of contention
Wilmot Proviso
Grew the tensions between the North and South
Election of 1860
Lincoln wins because Democrats have too many candidates and North outvotes the South. Caused South Carolina to first secede from Union
Secession
States break away from the Union
Lincoln’s Feelings About Slavery
Lincoln does not support slavery but will keep it if it means saving the Union. He wants to save the Union over everything.
California
Free State that comes into the Union causing the Compromise of 1850 to be made a law
Compromise of 1850
California becomes a free state, fugitive slave act is stronger, slavery illegal in Washington D.C
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Popular sovereignty gives the states the vote whether they want slavery or not. Border ruffians come across state lines from Missouri to vote pro-slavery and causes Bleeding Kansas
Fugitive Slave Act and Constitution
Pro-slavery citizens used the Constitution to defend slavery. Said that Constitution protects property and slaves are property so Constitution protects slavery.
Border Ruffians
Pro-slavery citizens crossed the border of Missouri and Kansas to vote pro-slavery during popular sovereignty
Dred Scott Case
Slave who sued for his freedom because he was taken to a free state. Supreme Court did not rule in his favor and made slavery legal everywhere in the U.S.
Sharecropping
Ex-slaves return to the plantations because can’t find jobs anywhere. Pay their rent to the plantation owners and can never move up economically because never make enough money
John Wilkes Booth
Person who assassinated Abraham Lincoln
Lincoln’s Reconstruction Plan
10% of voters had to pledge an oath of loyalty
Congress’ Plan for Reconstruction
50% of people who participated in the Civil War had to take an oath of loyalty to Union
Johnson’s Reconstruction Plan
Pardons all Southern participants of the Civil War and does not address slave rights
Freedmen’s Bureau
Men and women from the North who came down to the South to build schools and homes for freed slaves
Black Codes
Ways to prevent freed slaves from gaining rights in the South. Could not rent property in cities, own guns, hold public meetings
Plessy vs. Ferguson
Created “separate but equal” segregation in the U.S.
Segregation
Laws in the United States that separated public entities of black and white. Separate but equal was really separate and unequal.
Jim Crow Laws
Laws in the South that made it legal to segregate and deny blacks rights. Some ways whites did this was stop blacks from voting, whites created poll taxes, literacy tests, and harassed and killed black voters to intimidate
13th Amendment
Freed slaves
14th Amendment
Gave freed slaves their citizenship. “If you are born or naturalized in this country you are a citizen”
15th Amendment
Gave freed slaves the right to vote. “cannot deny voting based on race or color”
