Causes of migration

Question 1

South Sudan seeing intense fighting

Answer 1

• 834000 fled to Uganda
• Stravation, burning villages and rape used as weapons of war
• 2.2 million fled homes
• Response UNMCR and UN Refugee agency set up protection desk at border to identify needs there

Question 2

Jhadi Extremism

Answer 2

Islamic state+ Boko Haram operate in areas of W and N Africa

Question 3

Climate change

Answer 3

-Drought and unpredictable rainfall =starvation and malnutrition

Question 4

How many people on Africa and the middle east live in areas of failed harvest?

Answer 4

20 million

Question 5

In south Sudan and Somalia how many people were forces to flee and find food and how many starved to death in 2011

Answer 5

• 100,000

- 250,000

Question 6

In Somalia how many children suffer from acute malnutrition per year?

Answer 6

0.5 million children

Question 7

By 2050 how many people will be displaced due to climate change?

Answer 7

200 million

Question 8

What are the consequences of Water scarcity

Answer 8

People have to drink dirty water and catch dieses such as Cholera

Question 9

What are the consequences of Desertification

Answer 9

Higher population density in marginal land and then there is less food produced and this intensifies famine

Question 10

How many people are vulnerable to food shortages?

Answer 10

13.4 million

Question 11

What temperature change has the been in the Sahel due to climate change

Answer 11

1-1.5 degrees

Question 12

What are the push factors from home country?

Answer 12

• Low GDP
• no tax system
• low standard of living
• informal work

Question 13

What are the pull factors from host countries?

Answer 13

• Higher paid jobs
• Religious freedom
• Stable government
• Education
• Remittances
• Media advertising
• Healthcare
• Welfare state

Question 14

Who are Boko Harem and state facts about them?

Answer 14

• Islamist terrorist group
• Plagued the north-east of the country
• Captured international media attention

Question 15

Causes of Conflict

Answer 15

Identity
Ethnicity
Territory
Culture
European colonialism

Question 16

identity

Answer 16

Sense of belonging

Question 17

Ethnicity

Answer 17

Grouping due to ethnic origins of features

Question 18

Territory

Answer 18

Geographic area where a group resides can often lead to conflict if authority is not authorised properly

Question 19

Culture

Answer 19

Shared beliefs, trades and practices of a group

Question 20

European colonialism

Answer 20

Country borders were put in not considering for tribal/ethnic groups so people are forced to live together

Question 21

What effect has the death of Gadhafi had on migration

Answer 21

People go through Niger

• The borders are now more porous as they are not controlled by government
• Agadez (Niger) is a major trading post from arms, drugs and humans
• by end of 2016 10 million reported migrants through Agadez

Question 22

How many migrants enter 2000 each week

Answer 22

2000

Question 23

Demographic change in Europe caused by Migration

Answer 23

• Migrants are young and with in the reproductive age
• 16/28 countries in the EU have dependency ratio over 50%
• Population is ageing
• Life expectancy is increasing
• Need some migration to maintain population

Question 24

Issues in Europe before migration

Answer 24

• Strain on healthcare and social care
• Elderly are more dependent on others in everyday life
• Elderly are expensive for the government
• Pension crises
• economy shrinks due to less people being within the working age

Question 25

How migration has affected Europe’s ageing population

Answer 25

• Majority of migrants are working age so help debt and pension crisis
• Proportion of elderly in host country falls
• Elderly priced out of homes
• Birth rate increases as migrants are reproductive age

Question 26

UK

Answer 26

1/5 new jobs in British hospitality are taken by immigrants
Capacity in schools and hospitals is further stretched
Immigrants are free-riding on social structures built up over decades and for which they have not paid

Question 27

Implications of high dependency ratio

Answer 27

Working population make more tax to support dependents
State pension may rise
More pressure on education/health services
Unemployment when young dependents become working age

Question 28

Factors affecting migration rates

Answer 28

Germany- open borders (500,000 migrants accepted per year)- big economy and 12x more asylum applications than UK
UK- language and welfare system, NHS, education, better employment
Spain (low)- unemployment and no benefits
Greece (low)- lack of pull factors due to national debt

Question 29

Great green wall

Answer 29

• Man made tree barrier
• 15 km wide and 7000km long
• aims to protect wildlife and soil quality