causes of LOW VISION Flashcards
a patient having macular diseases will experience the ff:
Central vision loss
Color vision defect
a child with retinoblastoma will experience the ff:
Amaurotic Cat’s eye
Clumsy
the presence of silver-wire arterial reflex is observed in what grade of hypertensive retinopathy
Grade 3
the presence of copper-wire arterial reflex is observed in what grade of Hypertensive retinopathy
Grade - 2
Demarcation line is observed in what stage of Retinopathy of Prematurity:
Grade - 1
this type of hemorrhage located between vitreous and retina:
Pre-Retinal
This is a type of hemorrhage found between choroid and retina
Sub-retinal
There are two types of diabetic retinopathy, namely:
Proliferative, Non-Proliferative
There are two types of macular degeneration, namely:
Wet, Dry
This is the end stage of Retinopathy of Prematurity
Total Retinal detachment
This is a characteristic of Retinopathy of Prematurity
demarcation line
The ff. are the characteristics of retinitis pigmentosa
- Bone spicule scattered at the peripheral fundus
- Tubular visual field
It is a proliferative vascular disease that occurs after birth in low-birthweight and premature infants in whom the retinal vasculature is not fully developed
ROP
characteristics of retinoblastoma
It is characterized by the creamy pink, flat or elevated tumor on the retinal surface with chalky white calcium deposits
characteristics of toxoplasmosis
- It is characterized by the presence of yellow-green scar about 3dd with black pigmentation
- It is a parasitic retinopathy caused by an intracellular protozoan parasite
It is a degenerative disorder characterized by a slowly progressive deterioration of the cones and rods *
Cone-Rod Dystrophy
It is the separation of the retina at the macula
Macular detachment
It is a focal depression on the macula
Macular Hole
It is a thickening of the retina in the macular area extending within 1dd from the fovea centralis which is usually occurring after fluid accumulation
macular Edema
It is a degenerative lesion of the macula associated with aging
Macular Degeneration
A child with retinoblastoma will exhibit:
Leukocoria
A person with retinitis pigmentosa will exhibit the ff. in his ocular fundus
- Bone spicules at the peripheral fundus
- arterial attenuation
Peripheral vision problem is seen in the ff. ocular diseases
- Retinitis pigmentosa
- Glaucoma
Blood and thunder fundus is seen in:
CRVO
Salt and pepper appearance of fundus is seen in
retinitis pigmentosa
Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment is due to
retinal break
The most common intraocular tumour in children is
retinoblastoma
The ff. are the structures of the posterior segment of the eye
Fovea Centralis, Macula, Optic disc, Retina
clinical signs of retinitis pigmentosa
Threadlike arteries
clinical signs of hypertensive retinopathy
- Threadlike arteries
- Presence of hemorrhages
clinical signs of diabetic retinopathy
- Presence of hemorrhages
- increased tortuosity of veins
The distinguishing characteristic of proliferative diabetic retinopathy is
Neovascularization of the optic disc
The distinguishing characteristic of wet macular degeneration is
Neovascularization of the macula
In retinal detachment, the separation occurs between
RPE and Photoreceptor layer
This is a condition where there is separation of the two retinal layers, the retina proper and the pigmentary epithelium by the subretinal fluid
Retinal Detachment
It is always due to a break in the retina in the form of a hole or tear. This allows the fluid from the vitreous to seep through and raise the retina from its bed *
Rhegmatogenous
Peculiar yellow or white pupillary reflex called the “amaurotic cat’s eye” is usually noticed by the parents
Leukocoria
There is obstruction to the venous circulation of the retina due to thrombosis or embolus
Central Retinal Vein Occlusion
CRVO
It refers to the inflammation of the internal structures of the eye
Endophthalmitis
This is the purulent inflammation of all the structures of the eye
Panophthalmitis
It is the accumulation of fluid or hemorrhages in the macular area in a star-like pattern
Macular Star
It is the post nasal myelination of optic nerve
Myelinated nerve fiber
This is a semi-lunar white yellow patch located temporally and inferiorly
Crescent
The ff. are true about diabetic retinopathy
- Associated with diabetes mellitus
- presence of soft and hard exudates
- Retinal vascular disease
The ff. are true about hypertensive retinopathy
- Arteries present copper and silver wire reflex
- Associated with systemic disease
- Straightening of the blood vessels
A condition in which half of the visual field is blind
Hemianopsia
This a quadrant loss of the visual field
quadrantanopsia
