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Russian history > Causes Of Feb Rev > Flashcards

Causes Of Feb Rev Flashcards

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1
Q

What did the Tsar do which affected grain and how was grain affected?

A

The Tsar stopped the exporting of grain

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2
Q

What did the Tsar ban and why?

A

Banned vodka to encourage discipline in the army and workforce

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3
Q

What did the army do instead of vodka

A

Drank eau de cologne, varnish and moonshine instead causing hundreds of deaths

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4
Q

What did Florinsky say when the Tsar banned Vodka permanently?

A

Said “never since the dawn of human history has a single country in a time of war renounced its principle source of revenue”

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5
Q

What did the Tsar make himself in 1915

A

Commander in chief of the army

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6
Q

How large was the Russian army in 1916?

A

14.6 million

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7
Q

How many casualties did the army have by 1916?

A

5.5 million

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8
Q

How many prisoners of war were there in 1916?

A

2.1 million

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9
Q

How many dead sick and wounded were there in 1916

A

3.4 million

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10
Q

Who made up most of the draftees? And how were they trained

A

Peasants

Insufficiently

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11
Q

What four things heightened poor morale?

A

Inadequate supplies, equipment, food and clothing

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12
Q

In 1914 how many rifles did infantry have for every three soldiers?

A

Two

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13
Q

How many guns did infantry have per battery in 1914?

A

4

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14
Q

In 1915 how many shells were the artillery limited to per day?

A

Two or three shells per day

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15
Q

What did Turkeys entry into the war close?

A

The Dardanelle Strait

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16
Q

Why was the closure of the Dardanelle Strait significant?

A

It had been a major route for supplying Russia from the West as Russian industry could not meet the demand of the army

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17
Q

When was the Battle of Tannenberg and how long did it last?

A

1914, lasted three days

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18
Q

How many of the Russian soldiers managed to escape Tannenberg?

A

10,000 out of 150,000

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19
Q

How many Russian prisoners did the Germans take at Tannenberg?

A

92,000

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20
Q

Who led an offensive against the Austro-Hungarian Army?

A

Brusilov

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21
Q

When was the offensive against the Austro Hungarian army?

A

June 1916

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22
Q

When was the offensive against the Austro Hungarian army called to a halt?

A

Autumn 1916

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23
Q

How many men had the army lost jn the offensive against the Austro-Hungarian army by autumn 1916?

A

Almost a million

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24
Q

How many were killed, wounded and missing at the First Battle of the Masurian Lakes?

A

100,000-125,000

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25
Q

How many were taken prisoner at the First Battle of the Masurian Lakes?

A

30,000-45,000

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26
Q

How did Nicholas add to class problems in the army?

A

He made a large number of exemptions amongst the more privileged groups in society such as the educated and nobles and elites

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27
Q

How many desertions were there by 1916?

A

1.5 million

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28
Q

Why was there a decline in foreign trade as a result of world war one?

A

Germany had accounted for half of the total

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29
Q

What gad Russia achieved by 1914?

A

Financial stability

30
Q

Hiw was Russia financially stable by 1914?

A

It was on the Gold Standard and had the largest gold reserves of any european country

31
Q

What occurred with finance in 1916?

A

Ministry of finance began printing money

32
Q

How did government spending rise between 1914-1917

A

From 4 million to 30 million rouble

33
Q

What was abandoned when money was printed?

A

The gold standard

34
Q

What did printing money lead to?

A

Rapid inflation

35
Q

How much did the money supply and price of goods increase?

A

Money supply grew by 336%

Prices increased 398%

36
Q

How much did the price of Rye increase by?

A

47%

37
Q

How much did the price of matches go up by?

A

500%

38
Q

What did the “evils of inflation” create?

A

A hostile proletariat that became hostile to the government

39
Q

How much did earnings and prices increase by?

A

Earnings 100%

Prices 300%

40
Q

Why was there an increase in disease?

A

Due to malnutrition and unsanitary living conditions

41
Q

What did bad conditions make the workers?

A

Ripe for revolution

42
Q

How many workers went on strike in Moscow in 1917?

A

30,000

43
Q

How many workers went on strike in 1917 in Petrograd?

A

145,000

44
Q

How much was rent for a corner of a room before the war?

A

2-3 roubles monthly

45
Q

How much was rent for a corner of a room by 1916?

A

8-12 rouble

46
Q

How much were boots before the war?

A

5-6 rouble

47
Q

How much did boots cost in 1916?

A

20-30 roubles

48
Q

What did the Tsars decision to become commander in chief make him?

A

A hostage to fortune

49
Q

What was a major cause of Russias wartime shortages?

A

Transport

50
Q

How many railway stations broke down in 1916?

A

575

51
Q

How much of their food and fuel requirements were Petrograd and Moscow receiving in 1916?

A

A third

52
Q

How many wagons of grain did Petrograd get in 1917 and how many did they need?

A

Needed 1000 got 300

53
Q

When did the Putilov steel workers strike?

A

18th February

54
Q

When were the Putilov workers joined by thousands of women?

A

23rd February, international womens day

55
Q

What did the Tsar order Khabalov to do?

A

Restore order

56
Q

What did Khabalov say about the situation in Petrograd?

A

That it was uncontrollable

57
Q

What had Khabalov earlier begged the government to do?

A

Declare martial law

58
Q

Why could martial law not be declared at this point

A

The martial law proclamation could not be printed let alone enforced

59
Q

By 26th Feb, how many of the Petrograd garrison had deserted?

A

All but a few thousand

60
Q

What was the first constitutional defiance of the Tsar?

A

When the Duma was dissolved, 12 members remained in session as a “provisional committee”

61
Q

What did Kerensky call for the Tsar to do?

A

Stand down as the head of state of be deposed

62
Q

What did the remaining minister do?

A

Used the pretext of an electricity failure to abandon their responsibilities and slip out of the capital

63
Q

What did Rodzianko advise the Tsar?

A

That only his personal abdication could save the russian monarchy

64
Q

What did some mutinous troops do?

A

Intercepted the royal train and diverted it away from petrograd

65
Q

When did the Tsar abdicate?

A

2 March 1917

66
Q

What happened to the Provisional Committee after the Tsar’s abdication?

A

It became the Provisional Government

67
Q

How many troops are estimated to have supported the revolution?

A

150,000

68
Q

What did the ban on vodka lead to?

A

A 30 % drop in revenue

69
Q

Who was in charge in the Tsars absence?

A

The Tsarina

70
Q

Why was the Tsarina unpopular

A

She was German and influenced by Rasputin who was also unpopular

Russian history (11 decks)

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