causes of disease Flashcards
what are idiopathic conditions
no known cause
what are disease causes categorised as
intrinsic
extrinsic
what are intrinsic causes
- changes in an indviduals geome
- nuclear or mitochondrial
- inherited mutations and other genetic variations
- de novo mutations
- epigenetic modifications
these typically alter the function of a gene
= more/less protein or same amount but more/less activity
intrinsic causes. 2
- effects of genetic variation can manifest at variety of levels:
- cell autonomously =
- cell non autonomously
what are extrinsic causes
injury infection nutrition and diet lifestyle e.g. smoking, exposure to workplace toxins chemical poisoning exposure to radiation
grey areas of intrinsic and extrinsic
causes of disease are often a chain of events
intrinsic and extrinsic depends on viewpoint.
- e.g. extrinsic to what? cell, tissue, organ or body?
age as a cause?
age is a contributing factor to many diseases
age can be intrinsic cause when it describes biological process of ageing
e.g risk of osteoporosis
many diseases associated with chronic inflammation have biological ageing cause
alternative descriptions
causes can be grouped as genetic and environmental
these terms = versions of intrinsic and extrinsic that are more reflective of that disease
e.g. Parkinsons disease risk factors = age, genetics and environment
examples of intrinsic disease
cancer e.g. leukaemia, lymphoma, myeloma, breast and prostate
developmental diseases e.g. neural tube defects
inherited anaemia e.g. sickle cell, B-thalassaemia
inherited metabolic diseases e.g. phenylketonuria
examples of extrinsic diseases
injury
infection
nutrition and diet = nutritional anaemias
cancers due to lifestyle, chemical poisoning and exposure to radiation
down syndrome
INTRINSIC OR EXTRINSIC
trisomy of chromosome 21
inherited at conception
intrinsic disease
COVID-19?
infection with SARS-CoV-2
extrinsic
causes of lung cancer
smoking tobacco = EX chemicals and workplace risks = EX air pollution = EX previous lung disease = IN exposure to radon gas = EX family history of lung cancer = IN
