Causes+Failures 1848 Revolutions Flashcards
Causes of the 1848 revolutions
Pope’s reforms Unpopularity of Austrians Weakness of Nationalism Growth of Liberalism Social and economic problems
Popes IX reforms
Released political prisoners Entered customs unions Tuscany+Piedmont Reformed education Jews out of Ghettos End press censorship
Growth of liberalism
Statuto
Liberals more confidence to go up against Austria
English,American and Belgium inspired by statuto
Unpopularity of Austrians
1/3 tax revenues from Lombardy and Venetia
Ferrara event
Social discontent and economic problems
Farming Inefficient+vulnerable to competition
Peasants lost land to wealthy class
Increased food prices
Sicilians dislike for Naples rule-blamed cholera outbreak
Reason for failure of the 1848 revolutions
Intervention of foreign powers Lack of revolutionary support Pope Lack of international support Weakness or piedmont
Intervention of foreign powers (Austria)
Victories at Novara and custozza
Collapse of Venetian republic
Restored old rulers
No impact on peasant revolts in the south
Intervention of foreign powers (France)
Intervened in Rome, republic surrenders in July ‘49
Strong military force
Protecting the pope
Weakness of piedmont
Didn’t accept recruits to army
How committed was Charles Albert? Didn’t want them to succeed might lead to a republic
Lack of revolutionary support
Milan+Venice=constitution+independence Rome+Venice=republic Piedmont=get rid of Austria Peasants=food shortages Didn’t work together, easier for Austria to divide and rule
Pope
Allocution April 1848
Support from French
Undermined revolutions, short term trigger
Lack of international support
Britain nor France wanted direct war with Austria
Allowed foreign powers to intervene more easily
Results of the 1848-49 revolutions (positive)
Statuto
Free press
Legal equality
Civil liberty
Results of the 1848-49 revolutions (negative)
Austrian military Dominance
Revolutionary spirit destroyed
Pope denounce his reforms
Mazzini didn’t appeal to peasants
