Causes, Events, and Consquences

Question 1

3 causes of Bosworth

Answer 1

• Death of Edward IV
• Richard’s controversial rule
• Henry Tudor gaining support

Question 2

3 Events of Bosworth

Answer 2

• Henry decided to charge first leaving Richard on the back foot
• Stanley’s intervention
• Richard was greedy for a quick victory

Question 3

3 Consequences on Bosworth

Answer 3

• Death of Richard III
• Start of the Tudor dynasty
• End of the Wars of the Roses and The 100 Years’ War

Question 4

Richard’s controversial rule

Answer 4

The future king, and his brother, were put in a tower and Richard was likely to have murdered them. If he had killed them, he committed infanticide and regicide

There were many rebellions like the one by the Duke of Buckingham in 1483

Richard couldn’t count on the support of two Dukes – Norfolk and, more surprisingly, Northumberland

Question 5

Henry Tudor gaining support

Answer 5

Henry promised to marry Elizabeth of York, uniting Yorks and Lancastrians

French funding and military support to help his invasion

Henry was encouraged to launch his invasion

Landed in Wales so, being of Welsh Heritage, he could count of support from several Welsh earls and barons. He landed in Milford Haven on 7th August 1485

Question 6

Stanley’s intervention

Answer 6

Sir Thomas Stanley had 6000 men which would have decided the battle either way

Stanley decided to join the battle on Henry’s side giving him an easy win at the end

Stanley defied the potential execution of his son, Lord Strange, to go against the king and help Henry

Question 7

Richard greedy for a quick victory

Answer 7

Left the ‘safe’ ground of Ambion hill to charge at Henry

This left him open to an attack on the flank

Not only had he given up his vantage point, but the Stanley’s could exploit this move

Richard’s closest advisors told him multiple times to leave but Richard said that he would win or die trying

If Richard had fled, Henry would be in a far weaker position

Question 8

Start of the Tudor dynasty

Answer 8

Henry hired many chroniclers to portray his reign favorably

The Battle of Bosworth was popularized to represent his Tudor dynasty as the start of a new age

Shakespeare glamourized the battle as victory for good over evil with Richard being a hunchback

Question 9

End of the Wars of the Roses and the 100 years war

Answer 9

Henry was given French funding and military support to help his invasion

French believed the death of Richard III would lead to the end of the war between England and France

Henry, a Lancastrian, and Elizabeth, a York, married each other. By this act, the union between the houses of York and Lancaster had been sealed.

Question 10

2 causes of Bosworth

Answer 10

Richard’s controversial rule
Henry Tudor gaining support

Question 11

2 events of Bosworth

Answer 11

Stanley’s intervention
Richard was greedy for a quick victory

Question 12

2 consequences of Bosworth

Answer 12

Start of the Tudor dynasty
End of the Wars of the Roses and The 100 Years’ War

Question 13

3 causes of Bannockburn

Answer 13

Weak King
Scottish wars of independence
Unexpected death of King Alexander III

Question 14

3 events of Bannockburn

Answer 14

Sir Alexander Seton’s intervention
Longbowmen used ineffectively
‘Pre-match’ skirmish

Question 15

3 consequences of Bannockburn

Answer 15

Robert Bruce excommunicated
Treaty of Arbroath, 1320
Treaty of Edinburgh

Question 16

2 causes of Bannockburn

Answer 16

Unexpected death of King Alexander III
Weak King

Question 17

2 events of Bannockburn

Answer 17

Robert’s tactics
‘Pre-match’ skirmish

Question 18

2 consequences of Bannockburn

Answer 18

Edward killed
Treaty of Edinburgh

Question 19

Unexpected death of King Alexander III

Answer 19

King Alexander died in 1286 which ended a long period of peace and prosperity

There wasn’t a grown-up heir to the throne, so the Scottish Lords of Congregation decided to let their ‘overlord’ Edward Ito choose from 13 candidates

Edward chose John Balliol to be a puppet king, but Balliol went against Edward. He even allied with France – England’s enemy

Question 20

Weak King

Answer 20

Edward II was incapable of providing the strong leadership and rule that his father had done

On the 24th of June 1313, Edward Bruce and Sir Phillip de Mowbray made a deal stating that if Stirling Castle didn’t receive reinforcements within one year, the castle would be handed over to the Scots

Robert Bruce sensed a weakness in Edward II and therefore took up the fight against the English

Question 21

Richard’s Tactics

Answer 21

Although Robert Bruce didn’t like the ‘deal’ his brother made, it gave him time to prepare for the battle

Robert ordered for the battle ground to be prepared, there were pits and trenches in the cavalry friendly ground so horses couldn’t go there

Robert trained his men so that they were excelling schiltrons. The English cavalry couldn’t get past this wall and therefore couldn’t hurt the Scots

When the English lonbowmen were finally used, Robert Bruce sent Sir James Keith’s cavalry to ride them down

Question 22

‘Pre-match’ skirmish

Answer 22

Sir Henry de Bohun charged at Bruce before the battle, if he had killed Bruce, the battle would be over

Bruce risked everything by engaging in combat, but his victory gave great hope to the Scots

On the 23rd, Edward’s men led unorganized charges towards the Scots, they got destroyed not helping their Morale

The day’s events lead to Sir Alexander Seton fleeing the English camp to the Scots, paying homage, and encouaging the Scots to fight

Question 23

Edward killed

Answer 23

After the humbling defeat, Edward was now at his baron’s mercy

His relationship with his barons worsened and his reputation as king was severely damaged

Thomas of Lancaster took over the government, his queen, Isabella, joined Roger Mortimer. Edwards grip on power was worsening

Edward faced rebellions and attempts by barons to further control his power until he was murdered in Berkeley Castle

Question 24

Treaty of Edinburgh

Answer 24

In 1327, Edward II’s son, Edward III became the new king

The Treaty of Edinburgh, 1328, was singed which brought the long wars between England and Scotland to an end

Edward III was determined to fight a war in France and didn’t want to continue fighting against Scotland because his treasury would be drained

Scotland had finally won its independence from England