Causes, Events, and Consquences Flashcards
3 causes of Bosworth
- Death of Edward IV
- Richard’s controversial rule
- Henry Tudor gaining support
3 Events of Bosworth
- Henry decided to charge first leaving Richard on the back foot
- Stanley’s intervention
- Richard was greedy for a quick victory
3 Consequences on Bosworth
- Death of Richard III
- Start of the Tudor dynasty
- End of the Wars of the Roses and The 100 Years’ War
Richard’s controversial rule
The future king, and his brother, were put in a tower and Richard was likely to have murdered them. If he had killed them, he committed infanticide and regicide
There were many rebellions like the one by the Duke of Buckingham in 1483
Richard couldn’t count on the support of two Dukes – Norfolk and, more surprisingly, Northumberland
Henry Tudor gaining support
Henry promised to marry Elizabeth of York, uniting Yorks and Lancastrians
French funding and military support to help his invasion
Henry was encouraged to launch his invasion
Landed in Wales so, being of Welsh Heritage, he could count of support from several Welsh earls and barons. He landed in Milford Haven on 7th August 1485
Stanley’s intervention
Sir Thomas Stanley had 6000 men which would have decided the battle either way
Stanley decided to join the battle on Henry’s side giving him an easy win at the end
Stanley defied the potential execution of his son, Lord Strange, to go against the king and help Henry
Richard greedy for a quick victory
Left the ‘safe’ ground of Ambion hill to charge at Henry
This left him open to an attack on the flank
Not only had he given up his vantage point, but the Stanley’s could exploit this move
Richard’s closest advisors told him multiple times to leave but Richard said that he would win or die trying
If Richard had fled, Henry would be in a far weaker position
Start of the Tudor dynasty
Henry hired many chroniclers to portray his reign favorably
The Battle of Bosworth was popularized to represent his Tudor dynasty as the start of a new age
Shakespeare glamourized the battle as victory for good over evil with Richard being a hunchback
End of the Wars of the Roses and the 100 years war
Henry was given French funding and military support to help his invasion
French believed the death of Richard III would lead to the end of the war between England and France
Henry, a Lancastrian, and Elizabeth, a York, married each other. By this act, the union between the houses of York and Lancaster had been sealed.
2 causes of Bosworth
Richard’s controversial rule
Henry Tudor gaining support
2 events of Bosworth
Stanley’s intervention
Richard was greedy for a quick victory
2 consequences of Bosworth
Start of the Tudor dynasty
End of the Wars of the Roses and The 100 Years’ War
3 causes of Bannockburn
Weak King
Scottish wars of independence
Unexpected death of King Alexander III
3 events of Bannockburn
Sir Alexander Seton’s intervention
Longbowmen used ineffectively
‘Pre-match’ skirmish
3 consequences of Bannockburn
Robert Bruce excommunicated
Treaty of Arbroath, 1320
Treaty of Edinburgh
2 causes of Bannockburn
Unexpected death of King Alexander III
Weak King
2 events of Bannockburn
Robert’s tactics
‘Pre-match’ skirmish
2 consequences of Bannockburn
Edward killed
Treaty of Edinburgh
Unexpected death of King Alexander III
King Alexander died in 1286 which ended a long period of peace and prosperity
There wasn’t a grown-up heir to the throne, so the Scottish Lords of Congregation decided to let their ‘overlord’ Edward Ito choose from 13 candidates
Edward chose John Balliol to be a puppet king, but Balliol went against Edward. He even allied with France – England’s enemy
Weak King
Edward II was incapable of providing the strong leadership and rule that his father had done
On the 24th of June 1313, Edward Bruce and Sir Phillip de Mowbray made a deal stating that if Stirling Castle didn’t receive reinforcements within one year, the castle would be handed over to the Scots
Robert Bruce sensed a weakness in Edward II and therefore took up the fight against the English
Richard’s Tactics
Although Robert Bruce didn’t like the ‘deal’ his brother made, it gave him time to prepare for the battle
Robert ordered for the battle ground to be prepared, there were pits and trenches in the cavalry friendly ground so horses couldn’t go there
Robert trained his men so that they were excelling schiltrons. The English cavalry couldn’t get past this wall and therefore couldn’t hurt the Scots
When the English lonbowmen were finally used, Robert Bruce sent Sir James Keith’s cavalry to ride them down
‘Pre-match’ skirmish
Sir Henry de Bohun charged at Bruce before the battle, if he had killed Bruce, the battle would be over
Bruce risked everything by engaging in combat, but his victory gave great hope to the Scots
On the 23rd, Edward’s men led unorganized charges towards the Scots, they got destroyed not helping their Morale
The day’s events lead to Sir Alexander Seton fleeing the English camp to the Scots, paying homage, and encouaging the Scots to fight
Edward killed
After the humbling defeat, Edward was now at his baron’s mercy
His relationship with his barons worsened and his reputation as king was severely damaged
Thomas of Lancaster took over the government, his queen, Isabella, joined Roger Mortimer. Edwards grip on power was worsening
Edward faced rebellions and attempts by barons to further control his power until he was murdered in Berkeley Castle
Treaty of Edinburgh
In 1327, Edward II’s son, Edward III became the new king
The Treaty of Edinburgh, 1328, was singed which brought the long wars between England and Scotland to an end
Edward III was determined to fight a war in France and didn’t want to continue fighting against Scotland because his treasury would be drained
Scotland had finally won its independence from England
