Causes and Effects of French and Indian War Flashcards
What 3 countries were involved?
England, France, Spain
What land does Britain own?
East coast (colonies)
What land does France own?
Mississippi River Valley
What land does Spain own?
Florida and everything from Texas to California
What area is disputed territory between France and Britain?
Area West of the Appalachian Mountains
Who was involved in the French and Indian War?
French and Native Americans vs. Britain and Native Americans
How did the British fight?
In straight lines
How did the French and Native Americans fight?
Fought using guerilla warfare, a hit and run strategy giving them the advantage the first few years of the war
France had the advantage because of guerilla warfare, so what did Britain do about it?
Parliament made a deal with the 13 colonies, saying if they helped them fight France they would pay for the war debts
Between what years did 7 years war last?
1756` to 1763
What did the Treaty of Paris of 1763 do?
Gave all the land the belonged to France to Britain
What happened to the Native Americans after the war?
Britain wanted their land so the Native Americans started the Pontiac Rebellion, declaring war on Britain
How did Britain respond to the Pontiac Rebellion?
Created the Proclamation of 1763, granting Native Americans all the land West of the Appalachian Mountains
How did the colonists feel after the war?
The colonists helped win a war for Britain and expected to get something in return, but instead ended up with nothing but land limitations
What did Great Britain have to do about the way they were governing the colonies and why?
Britain had change the way they were governing because they had so much more land, meaning salutary neglect has to stop
What was the governing system that existed within each of the colonies?
Each colony has a governor who is appointed by the King. The governor will file whatever the King wants.
Each colony also has an assembly under the governor
What kind of people voted in the assembly?
Land-owning white men
What two things does the assembly control?
Controls the governor’s salary and taxes
Why didn’t the assembly have taxes that often?
Because the colonists voted for what they wanted the assembly to do, and they didn’t want to give themselves taxes
Who controls England?
Parliament
What act was passed in 1764?
Sugar Act
What did the Sugar Act do?
Didn’t put a tax on sugar, but said that the colonies could only purchase sugar and molasses from England; Parliament trying to control trade
How did the colonists respond to the Sugar Act of 1764?
They started smuggling
Who was the richest person in the 13 colonies, and how did they get their money?
John Hancock, smuggler
Who were the Writs of Assistance and what did they do?
Blanket warrants that could search for smuggled goods anywhere, whenever, or whoever they wanted
How was James Otis involved?
James Otis sues Britain for violating their rights with the Writs of Assistance according to the English Bill of rights
What year was the Stamp Act?
1765
What was the Stamp Act?
Parliament put a direct tax on paper products
How were the colonists effected by the Stamp Act and what was their reaction?
The colonists were paying off the war debts of Britain through taxes on paper products
What did the phrase “no taxation without representation” actually mean?
The colonies didn’t want representation in Parliament, they wanted salutary neglect back. They were ok with taxes as long as they were the ones that were controlling them
Why did Britain refuse the colonists’ request of salutary neglect?
Because the colonies had too much land and population to be running by themselves
What did the colonies do about the decline of their request?
Stamp Act Congress of 1765 was a meeting in New York where only 7 of the 13 colonies showed up to the meeting, meaning the other 6 were ok with the British acts and policies
Who led the Sons of Liberty and what was their purpose?
John Hancock and Samuel Adams led, and the purpose was to protest for independence from Britain
What was the primary strategy of the Sons of Liberty?
Non-importation was the way the Sons of Liberty protested the Stamp Act
What was non-importation?
Encouraged colonists not to buy Britain’s non-imported (taxed) items (boycott)
What year was the Stamp Act repealed and why?
1766, the Stamp Act gets repealed because the strategy of the Sons of Liberty was working
What happened in 1766?
Britain passed the Declaratory Act, which expressed Parliament’s power, saying the colonists had to follow direct orders from Britain
What was the Townshend Act of 1767?
Britain put a tax on paper, paint, glass, lead, and tea, all being manufactured goods that everybody used
How did the colonists respond to the Townshend Act?
Reinstated the Sons of Liberty, protests, and non-importation returns
What did Britain do about the Sons of Liberty, protests, and non-importation on the Townshend Act?
1968, Britain repealed the Townshend Act except for the tax on tea and sent 2,000 British soldiers to the colonies
What was the date of the Boston Massacre?
March 5th, 1770
What was the Boston Massacre?
British soldiers fired into a crowd of colonists, 5 people were killed including a 7-year-old and a black man (‘6 “4)
Who named the Boston Massacre and why?
Samuel Adams named it the “Boston Massacre” so it would make everyone angry because he wanted independence
Who was the cousin of Samuel Adams?
John Adams
What was the aftermath of the Boston Massacre?
The 8 soldiers that fired into the crowd were found not guilty because John and Sam Adams treated them according to their own laws in the English Bill of Rights
What year was the Tea Act?
1772
What was the Tea Act of 1772?
Parliament only made tea buyable through the British East India Company, and lowered the price of tea to make people buy more of it
What is a monopoly and how did Britain create one?
Parliament created a monopoly, a single company succeeding in making a profit by adjusting the prices of a product, forcing buyers to pay extra or less
What did the colonists do about the monopoly in Britain?
The colonists responded with the Sons of Liberty, protests, and non-importation yet again and started producing and drinking coffee instead of tea
What was the name and purpose of the group that the colonists formed as a response to the Tea Act 1772?
Committee of Correspondence, the colonies started writing letters and banding together, writing about what to do about Britain and their policies
What was the date of the Boston Tea Party?
December 16th, 1773
What was the Boston Tea Party of 1773?
Sons of Liberty board 3 ships in Boston and dump 342 chests of British East India Company tea into the Boston Harbor
How did Britain respond to the Boston Tea Party of 1773?
Passed the Coercive Acts of 1774 (Intolerable Acts), intended to punish Boston by shutting down the port until they repaid all of the tea
What extra thing did Parliament do and why?
Parliament was trying to send a message to the rest of the colonies by disbanding the Massachusetts
Assembly
What kind of city was Boston?
Boston was a port city and made its money through port trading
When and where was the First Continental Congress?
Philadelphia, 1774
What was the First Continental Congress?
A meeting where all of the colonies except for Rhode Island agreed to The Association, a total boycott of everything British; colonies were not going to buy, sell, or use anything from Britain.
What did the colonies do about the Coercive Acts?
The colonies wrote a letter to Great Britain that asks Parliament to repeal the Coercive Acts by apologizing for the Boston Tea Party, and Parliament declined
What do the colonies do after Parliament declines their request of repealment of the Coercive Acts?
Each colony calls up their militia (volunteered military) to protect their rights
