causes and deviations

Question 1

excessive PF in Terminal swing to initial contact

1 cause and 1 deviation

Answer 1

1. -Purpose decrease Heel rocker
   - heel pain
   - calf tight/contracture
2. decrease FP lack heel rocker

Question 2

ex PF midstance-preswing

1 cause and 1 deviation

Answer 2

1. “push” body forward
   - short stride length
2. decrease FP lack ankle rocker, so compensate with knee hyperextension

Question 3

ex PF midswing-term swing

Answer 3

1. df weakness
   calf tight/contracture
2. decrease foot clearance thereby compensate with ex hip flexion

Question 4

ex dorsiflexion IC-LR 1 cause and 1 deviation

Answer 4

1. AFO, prosthetic foot

2. excessive heel rocker

Question 5

ex DF midst-pre-swing

Answer 5

1. calf weakness

2. quadriceps overuse

Question 6

inadequate knee extension LR

Answer 6

1. Knee flexion contracture or hip flex contracture
2. increased energy expenditure on quads
   - decreased SL or FP

Question 7

inadequate knee extension midswing terminal swing

Answer 7

1. Knee flexion/hip flexion contracture
   - excess DF
   - excess hammy activation
2. decreased preparation for stance, decreased LA and SL

Question 8

excessive knee flexion in LR

Answer 8

1. knee flexion contracture >20, AFO

2. quads overuse/increased energy expenditure

Question 9

excessive knee flexion in Pre-swing-initial swing

Answer 9

1. knee flexion contracture>20, AFO

2. increased energy muscle overuse of hip flexor

Question 10

inadequate knee flexion in LR

Answer 10

1. excessive quad activity
   - hip flexor weakness
   - limited knee flexion
2. decreased SA (increase demand on bone and cartilage)

Question 11

inadequate knee flexion preswing-initial swing

Answer 11

1. limited knee flexion, excess quad activity, hip flexor weakness
2. decreased Foot clearance

Question 12

excessive knee extension LR-terminal stance

Answer 12

1. excessive PF, quad weakness,avoidance muscle pain

2. decreased SA, and posterior knee joint stress

Question 13

inadequate hip flexion LR

Answer 13

1. Hip extensor weakness, decreased heel rocker, quad weakness
2. Decreased SA

Question 14

inadequate hip flexion Preswing-midswing

Answer 14

1. hip flexor weakness, muscle jt/pain avoidance

2. Decreased LA, decreased FC, short SL

Question 15

inadequate hip extension Midst-termst.

Answer 15

1. Hip flexion contracture or knee flexion

2. Short SL, compensation with backward rotation or anterior pelvic tilt

Question 16

excessive hip flexion Preswing-Midswing

Answer 16

1. purposeful strategy to clear foot (one may have inadequate knee flexion)
2. Increase energy expenditure, compensate with past-retract maneuver