Causes

Question 1

HYPERcalcaemia causes

Answer 1

1. Primary hyperparathyroidism
2. Malignancy

CHIMPANZEES
Calcium supplementation 
Hyperparathyroidism
Iatrogenic (drugs e.g. thiazides, calcium-containing antacids)
Milk-Alkali syndrome
Pager disease of bone
Acromegaly and Addison’s disease
Neoplasia
Zollinger Ellison syndrome
Excessive vitamin D
Excessive vitamin A
Sarcoidosis

Question 2

Actions of Glucocorticoids

Answer 2

• inhibit inflammatory response (induce lipoprotein and inhibit IL-2 transcription)
• DIABETOGENIC - decreases insulin sensitivity, increases hepatic gluconeogenesis and decreases glucose utilisation
• increases lipolysis and proteolysis
• enhances vascular responsiveness to catecholamines
• increases GFR